Fair Trading Amendment Act 2021

1: Title
This Act is the Fair Trading Amendment Act 2021.
2: Commencement
1: Sections 10 11 13 14 20
2: The rest of this Act comes into force on the day that is the first anniversary of the date on which it receives the Royal assent.
3: Principal Act
This Act amends the Fair Trading Act 1986 principal Act 2021-08-17 Fair Trading Act 1986 Sections 10, 11, 13, 14, 20 (see section 2(1)) 2022-08-16 Fair Trading Act 1986 Rest of the Act (ie. excluding sections 10, 11, 13, 14, 20) (see section 2(2))
1: Main amendments to principal Act
4: Section 2 amended (Interpretation)
1: In section 2(1) residential premises small trade contract section 26C standard form small trade contract
2: In section 2(1) unfair contract term consumer contract or small trade contract
5: New section 2A inserted (Transitional, savings, and related provisions)
After section 2
2A: Transitional, savings, and related provisions
The transitional, savings, and related provisions set out in Schedule 1AA
6: New sections 7 and 8 and cross-heading inserted
After the Part 1 Unconscionable conduct
7: Unconscionable conduct
1: A person must not, in trade, engage in conduct that is unconscionable.
2: This section applies whether or not—
a: there is a system or pattern of unconscionable conduct; or
b: a particular individual is identified as disadvantaged, or likely to be disadvantaged, by the conduct; or
c: a contract is entered into.
3: This section is not limited by any rule of law or equity relating to unconscionable conduct.
8: Court may have regard to certain matters
1: When assessing under section 7
a: the relative bargaining power of the person engaging in the conduct (the trader affected person
b: the extent to which the trader and an affected person acted in good faith:
c: whether, taking account of the particular characteristics and circumstances of an affected person, the affected person or the affected person’s representative was reasonably able to protect the affected person’s interests:
d: whether an affected person was able to understand any documents provided by the trader:
e: whether the trader subjected an affected person to unfair pressure or tactics or otherwise unduly influenced an affected person:
f: whether the trader unreasonably failed to disclose to an affected person—
i: any intended conduct of the trader that might adversely affect the affected person’s interests:
ii: any risk to the affected person’s interests arising from the trader’s intended conduct, if the trader should have foreseen that the risk would not be apparent to the affected person:
g: if there is a contract to which the conduct relates, anything listed in subsection (2)
h: any other circumstance that the court considers relevant.
2: If the conduct involves a contract between the trader and an affected person, the court may also have regard to—
a: the circumstances in which the contract was entered into, including—
i: any inducement to enter into it:
ii: the extent to which the affected person had an effective opportunity to negotiate the terms:
b: whether the affected person obtained independent legal advice, or other independent professional advice, about the contract before entering into it:
c: the terms of the contract:
d: the form of the contract, including, in the case of a written contract, whether its terms are transparent:
e: whether the terms of the contract allow the affected person to be reasonably able to meet their obligations under it:
f: whether the affected person’s obligations under the contract are reasonably necessary for the protection of the trader’s legitimate interests:
g: the conduct of the trader and affected person in complying with the terms of the contract:
h: the length of time the affected person has to remedy any breach:
i: whether any action by the trader in relation to enforcement of the contract was lawful:
j: any other conduct of the trader or affected person, after the contract was entered into, in connection with their relationship.
3: To the extent (if any) that no particular individual is identified as disadvantaged or likely to be disadvantaged by the conduct, this section applies with all necessary modifications as if—
a: references to an affected person were references to the type of person likely to be disadvantaged by the conduct; and
b: references to the existence of a particular circumstance were references to the likely existence of that circumstance in relation to that type of person.
7: New sections 26B to 26E inserted
After section 26A
26B: Unfair contract terms in standard form small trade contracts
If a court has declared, under section 46I, that a term in a standard form small trade contract is an unfair contract term, a person must not—
a: include the unfair contract term in a standard form contract (unless the term is included in a way that complies with the terms (if any) of the decision of the court); or
b: apply, enforce, or rely on the unfair contract term in a standard form contract.
26C: Definition of small trade contract
1: In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, a contract is a small trade contract
a: each party to it is engaged in trade; and
b: it is not a consumer contract; and
c: it does not comprise or form part of a trading relationship that exceeds the annual value threshold when the relationship first arises.
2: If a party to a proceeding alleges that a contract is a small trade contract, the contract is presumed to be a small trade contract unless any other party to the proceeding proves otherwise.
3: This section is subject to section 26E
26D: Small trade contracts: trading relationship, annual value threshold, and other definitions
1: This section applies for the purposes of section 26C(1)(c)
2: Trading relationship
a: that contract; and
b: any other contract (whether current or prospective) between the same parties on the same or substantially similar terms.
3: A trading relationship—
a: first arises
b: exceeds the annual value threshold when the relationship first arises
i: it includes a transparent term or transparent terms providing for consideration (including GST, if applicable) of $250,000 or more to be paid under it, in relation to any annual period, for the goods, services, or interest in land concerned; or
ii: consideration (including GST, if applicable) worth $250,000 or more is more likely than not to become payable under the relationship, in relation to any annual period, for the goods, services, or interest in land concerned.
4: In this section,—
a: the following must be disregarded when determining whether contracts are on the same or substantially similar terms:
i: the main subject matter of the contracts; and
ii: any upfront price (within the meaning of section 46K(2)) payable under the contracts; and
b: annual period
i: beginning with the date on which the relationship first arises or an anniversary of that date; and
ii: ending 12 months later; and
c: GST Example 1
A and B enter into a contract on 1 December 2022. The contract includes a transparent term under which A is to pay B $253,000 ($220,000 plus GST) for services to be provided before 1 December 2023. On 1 November 2023, A and B enter into a contract on substantially similar terms. The second contract includes a transparent term for A to pay B $57,500 ($50,000 plus GST) for services to be provided in 2024. Neither contract is a small trade contract because the annual value threshold is exceeded when the trading relationship first arises. Example 2
C and D are both engaged in trade. They enter into 2 contracts for C to buy fruit from D. The contracts are on the same terms except that the first contract relates to grapes and is entered into on 1 January 2023, and the second contract relates to apples and is entered into a year later, on 1 January 2024. Neither contract is a consumer contract and there are no other contracts in the trading relationship. The parties’ expectation when entering into the first contract is that C will spend approximately $120,000 per year under it and that from 2024 it will also spend $180,000 per year under the second contract. Neither contract is a small trade contract because, despite the different subject matter, they form part of the same trading relationship and the annual value threshold is exceeded when the trading relationship first arises. Example 3
On 1 May 2024, E and F, who are both engaged in trade, enter into an open-ended contract for E to supply stationery to F. The contract is not a consumer contract and the trading relationship contains no other contracts. The contract does not include transparent terms setting out the consideration to be paid, but based on their previous interactions the parties expect that F will spend $100,000 under it each year. However, after several years F is purchasing significantly more stationery than originally anticipated. E is now supplying $300,000 worth of stationery to F each year. There has been no variation of the contract. The contract starts as and remains a small trade contract because the annual value threshold is not exceeded when the trading relationship first arises.
26E: Regulations relating to definition of small trade contract
1: The Governor-General may, by Order in Council made on the recommendation of the Minister, make regulations for the following purposes:
a: providing for any class of contract that is not a consumer contract and that is between parties engaged in trade to be treated as a small trade contract under section 26C
b: excluding any class of contract from being a small trade contract under section 26C
2: The Minister must not make a recommendation unless—
a: the Minister has consulted the persons, or representatives of the persons, that the Minister considers will be substantially affected by any Order in Council made in accordance with the recommendation, and those persons have had the opportunity to comment to the Minister; and
b: the Minister has considered those comments; and
c: in the case of regulations under subsection (1)(a)
d: in the case of regulations under subsection (1)(b) section 26B
3: A failure to comply with subsection (2)(a) or (b)
4: Regulations made under this section are secondary legislation ( see The following table is small in size and has 3 columns that are grouped under the heading Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section. Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section Publication PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette LA19 s 69(1)(c) Presentation The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives LA19 s 114 cl 32(1)(a) Disallowance It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives LA19 ss 115 116 This note is not part of the Act.
8: Section 36L amended (Disclosure requirements relating to uninvited direct sale agreements)
1: In section 36L(4)(a) this subpart subsections (1) to (3) and sections 36M to 36R
2: In section 36L(6) this subpart continues subsections (1) to (3) and sections 36M to 36R continue
9: New section 36RA inserted (Directions to leave premises or not enter premises)
After section 36R
36RA: Directions to leave premises or not enter premises
1: This section applies to a person who, for the purpose of negotiating an uninvited direct sale agreement,—
a: is about to enter residential premises; or
b: has entered residential premises.
2: The person must not enter the premises if directed not to enter by anyone who—
a: resides at the premises; or
b: is acting with the actual or apparent authority of someone residing at the premises.
3: The person must leave the premises as soon as possible if directed to leave by anyone who—
a: resides at the premises; or
b: is acting with the actual or apparent authority of someone residing at the premises.
4: A direction under subsection (2) or (3)
a: may be verbal or in written or other visual form; and
b: must be audible or visible; and
c: may be a general standing direction (for example, a notice on a gate or front door directing salespeople not to call) or a specific direction (for example, a face-to-face spoken direction).
5: If the direction is a specific one, the person must not, for the purpose of negotiating an uninvited direct sale agreement, enter or re-enter the premises within 2 years after the direction is given.
10: Section 36U amended (Disclosure requirements relating to extended warranty agreements)
1: Replace section 36U(1)(b
b: a copy of the agreement is given to the consumer—
i: at the time the agreement is entered into; or
ii: in the case of an agreement entered into over the telephone, within 5 working days after the date on which the agreement was entered into.
2: In section 36U(3)(a) 5 working days after the date on which the consumer receives a copy of the agreement
11: Section 37 amended (Jurisdiction of High Court)
In section 37
2: See also
12: Section 44 amended (Defences)
After section 44(6)
7: It is a defence to a prosecution of an offence under section 40, or to any other proceedings under this Part, in relation to a contravention of section 36RA
a: the person who gave the direction under section 36RA(2) or (3)
b: the contravening conduct was with the permission (given after the direction under section 36RA(2) or (3)
i: resided at the premises; or
ii: was acting with the actual or apparent authority of someone residing at the premises.
13: New section 46AA inserted (Matters included in undertakings)
After section 46A
46AA: Matters included in undertakings
1: An undertaking under section 46A may, without limitation, include either or both of the following:
a: an undertaking to pay compensation to any person or otherwise take action to avoid, remedy, or mitigate any actual or likely adverse effects arising from a contravention, or possible contravention, of this Act:
b: an undertaking to pay to the Commission all or part of the Commission’s costs incurred in investigating, or bringing proceedings in relation to, a contravention, or possible contravention, of this Act.
2: If the Commission accepts an undertaking that involves payment of compensation to any person, or payment of the Commission’s costs, the Commission must make the following information publicly available:
a: the amount of the compensation, or of the Commission’s costs, that has been undertaken to be paid; and
b: a brief description of the circumstances and nature of the contravention, or possible contravention, of this Act to which the undertaking relates.
3: In this section, contravention
a: an actual contravention:
b: aiding, abetting, counselling, or procuring a contravention:
c: inducing a contravention, whether by threats, promises, or otherwise:
d: being in any way, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in, or party to, a contravention:
e: conspiring with any other person in a contravention.
14: Section 46C amended (Management banning orders)
Replace section 46C(1)(a) and (b)
a: has, on at least 2 separate occasions within a 10-year period (whether before or after this section comes into force or is amended), done either or both of the following:
i: committed an offence against section 40(1) or (1A):
ii: been a director of, or concerned in the management of, an incorporated or unincorporated body when it committed an offence against section 40(1) or (1A); or
15: Section 46H amended (Application by Commission for declaration of unfair contract term)
In section 46H(1) standard form consumer contract or standard form small trade contract
16: Section 46I amended (Declaration of unfair contract terms)
1: In section 46I(1) standard form consumer contract or standard form small trade contract
2: In section 46I(2)(a) consumer contract or small trade contract
3: In section 46I(2)(b) consumer contract or small trade contract
17: Section 46K amended (Terms that may not be declared to be unfair contract terms)
In section 46K(1) standard form consumer contract or standard form small trade contract
18: Section 46L amended (When term in consumer contract is unfair)
1: In the heading to section 46L consumer contract or small trade contract
2: In section 46L(1) consumer contract or small trade contract
3: In section 46L(2) consumer contract or small trade contract
4: In section 46L(3) consumer contract or small trade contract
19: Section 46M amended (Examples of unfair contract terms)
In section 46M consumer contract or small trade contract
20: New section 48T inserted (Powers of Commission to prohibit disclosure of information, documents, and evidence)
After section 48S
48T: Powers of Commission to prohibit disclosure of information, documents, and evidence
Section 100 of the Commerce Act 1986 (powers of Commission to prohibit disclosure of information, documents, and evidence) applies, with all necessary modifications, in relation to an investigation or inquiry by the Commission under this Act as it applies in relation to an investigation or inquiry under the Commerce Act 1986.
2: Transitional, savings, and related provisions
21: New Schedule 1AA inserted
Insert the Schedule 1AA set out in the Schedule


1: Title
This Act is the Family Court (Supporting Children in Court) Legislation Act 2021.
2: Commencement
1: This Act comes into force on the earlier of—
a: a date appointed by the Governor-General by Order in Council; and
b: the date that is 2 years after the date on which this Act receives the Royal assent.
2: One or more Orders in Council may be made under subsection (1)(a)
3: An Order in Council made under subsection (1)(a) see Part 3 The following table is small in size and has 3 columns that are grouped under the heading Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section. Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section Publication PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette LA19 s 69(1)(c) Presentation The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives LA19 s 114 cl 32(1)(a) Disallowance It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives LA19 ss 115 116 This note is not part of the Act.
1: Amendments to Care of Children Act 2004
3: Amendments to Care of Children Act 2004
This Part amends the Care of Children Act 2004 2023-08-16 Care of Children Act 2004 See section 2(1)(b), unless earlier brought into force by Order in Council (see section 2(1)(a)).
4: Section 5 amended (Principles relating to child’s welfare and best interests)
After section 5(f)
g: a child must be given reasonable opportunities to participate in any decision affecting them.
5: Section 5A amended (Family violence to be taken into account)
After section 5A(1)
1A: In taking into account the principle in section 5(a), the court must have regard to—
a: the purpose of the Family Violence Act 2018, under which an order specified in subsection (1)(b) was made; and
b: the principles set out in section 4 of that Act guiding the achievement of that purpose.
6: Section 6 amended (Child’s views)
Before section 6(1)
1AAA: The purpose of this section is to implement in New Zealand Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
7: Section 7 amended (Appointment of lawyer to represent child in proceedings)
In section 7
2: When appointing a lawyer to represent a child, the court or Registrar must, so far as is reasonably practicable, appoint a lawyer who is, by reason of their personality, cultural background, training, and experience, suitably qualified to represent the child.
8: New section 7AA inserted (Lawyer appointed to represent child must explain proceedings to child)
After section 7
7AA: Lawyer appointed to represent child must explain proceedings to child
A lawyer appointed under section 7 to represent a child must, if it is reasonably practicable to do so having regard to the age and maturity of the child, explain the nature of the proceedings to the child in a manner that the child is most likely to understand.
9: Section 7B amended (Duties of lawyer when giving advice)
1: Replace the heading to section 7B Duties of lawyers
2: In section 7B
2: Before commencing a proceeding under this Act, a lawyer must take any steps that, in the opinion of the lawyer, assist in enabling the issues in dispute to be resolved as safely, fairly, inexpensively, simply, and speedily as is consistent with justice.
2: Amendment to Family Dispute Resolution Act 2013
10: Amendment to Family Dispute Resolution Act 2013
This Part amends the Family Dispute Resolution Act 2013 2023-08-16 Family Dispute Resolution Act 2013 See section 2(1)(b), unless earlier brought into force by Order in Council (see section 2(1)(a)).
11: Section 11 amended (Duties of FDR providers)
After section 11(2)(b)
ba: ensure that the children who are the subject of the dispute are given any reasonable opportunities to participate in the decisions affecting them that the FDR provider considers appropriate; and


1: Title
This Act is the Appropriation (2021/22 Estimates) Act 2021.
2: Commencement
This Act comes into force on the day after the date on which it receives the Royal assent.
3: Application
1: Section 7 Schedule 2 Schedule 2
2: The rest of this Act applies to the 2021/22 financial year.
4: Overview
This Act meets the requirements of the Public Finance Act 1989
a: section 6 Schedule 1 see section 4(1)
b: section 7 Schedule 2 see section 10
c: section 8 Schedule 3 see section 21
d: section 9 Schedule 4 see section 12A
e: section 10 Schedule 5
5: Interpretation
1: In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,— 2021/22 financial year Estimates The Estimates of Appropriations for the Government of New Zealand for the Year Ending 30 June 2022 scope shown in the Estimates
a: in the case of an appropriation under section 6
i: in the table headed Annual Appropriations and Forecast Permanent Appropriations
ii: in the column headed Titles and Scopes of Appropriations by Appropriation Type
iii: in the statement directly under the title of the appropriation or, in the case of a multi-category appropriation, under the name of each of the individual categories that are included in the appropriation; and
b: in the case of an appropriation under section 7
i: in the table headed Multi-Year Appropriations
ii: in the column headed Type, Title, Scope and Period of Appropriations
iii: in the statement directly under the title of the appropriation; and
c: in the case of an appropriation under section 7
i: in the table headed Multi-Year Multi-Category Appropriations
ii: in the column headed Title, Overarching Purpose and Period of Appropriations and Type and Scope of Categories
iii: in the statement directly under the name of each of the individual categories that are included in the appropriation.
2: Terms or expressions used and not defined in this Act but defined in the Public Finance Act 1989 have, in this Act, the same meanings as in the Public Finance Act 1989
6: Appropriations for 2021/22 financial year
Appropriations authorised
1: Each amount specified in column 4 of Schedule 1 column 3 of Schedule 1 Other matters concerning appropriations
2: Subsection (1) applies only to the extent that the appropriation authorised is of a type set out in section 7A(1)
3: The scope of each appropriation authorised by this section is the scope shown in the Estimates for the appropriation.
4: Each appropriation authorised by this section includes any expenses and capital expenditure that have been incurred—
a: under any Imprest Supply Act relating to the 2021/22 financial year; and
b: in advance, but within the scope, of the appropriation.
7: Appropriations applying for more than 1 financial year
Multi-year appropriations authorised
1: Each amount specified in column 5 of Schedule 2 column 3 of Schedule 2 Other matters concerning multi-year appropriations
2: Subsection (1) applies only to the extent that the appropriation authorised is of a type set out in section 7A(1)
3: The scope of each appropriation authorised by this section is the scope shown in the Estimates for the appropriation.
4: Each appropriation authorised by this section—
a: is limited to the period specified in column 4 of Schedule 2
b: includes any expenses and capital expenditure that have been incurred—
i: under any Imprest Supply Act relating to the 2021/22 financial year; and
ii: in advance, but within the scope, of the appropriation.
8: Expenses under section 21 of Public Finance Act 1989
The appropriations to which output expenses may be charged under section 21 Schedule 3
9: Capital injections authorised for 2021/22 financial year
1: The Crown is authorised to make capital injections during the 2021/22 financial year to each department and Office of Parliament specified in column 1 of Schedule 4
2: The capital injections authorised by this section to a department or an Office of Parliament are limited to the amount specified in column 3 of Schedule 4
3: Each authorisation given by this section includes any capital injection that has been made—
a: under any Imprest Supply Act relating to the 2021/22 financial year; and
b: in advance of the authorisation.
10: Repeals
The Acts specified in Schedule 5 2021-09-14 Appropriation (2019/20 Confirmation and Validation) Act 2021 Appropriation (2020/21 Estimates) Act 2020 Appropriation (2020/21 Supplementary Estimates) Act 2021


1: Title
This Act is the Imprest Supply (Second for 2021/22) Act 2021.
2: Commencement
This Act comes into force on the day after the date on which it receives the Royal assent.
3: Repeal of this Act
This Act is repealed on the close of 30 June 2022. 2022-07-01 Imprest Supply (Second for 2021/22) Act 2021
4: Purposes
The purposes of this Act are—
a: to authorise expenses and capital expenditure to be incurred by the Crown and Offices of Parliament during the 2021/22 year in advance of appropriation in an Appropriation Act; and
b: to authorise capital injections to be made to departments and Offices of Parliament during the 2021/22 year in advance of authorisation under an Appropriation Act.
5: Interpretation
1: In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,— 2021/22 year capital expenditure section 2(1) department section 2(1) expenses section 2(1)
a: capital expenditure incurred by an intelligence and security department; and
b: non-departmental capital expenditure incurred in advance of a multi-category appropriation.
2: Terms or expressions used and not defined in this Act but defined in the Public Finance Act 1989 have, in this Act, the same meanings as in the Public Finance Act 1989
6: Authority to incur expenses
1: Expenses may, during the 2021/22 year, be incurred in advance of appropriation in relation to any Vote.
2: Expenses incurred under subsection (1)
7: Authority to incur capital expenditure
1: Capital expenditure may, during the 2021/22 year, be incurred in advance of appropriation in relation to any Vote.
2: Capital expenditure incurred under subsection (1)
8: Authority to make capital injections
1: Capital injections may, during the 2021/22 year, be made to any department or Office of Parliament in advance of authorisation under an Appropriation Act.
2: Capital injections made under subsection (1)