October

la-proper noun

Octōber m sg (genitive Octōbris); third declension

Octōber (canonical masculine singular)
Octōbris (genitive)
Octōber (nominative singular)
Octōbris (genitive singular)
Octōbrī (dative singular)
Octōbrem (accusative singular)
Octōbrī (ablative singular)
Octōber (singular vocative)

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: otòber, utòber

Ligurian: ottobre

Lombard: utuber, utùer

Piedmontese: octóber

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: uttrovi, ottobre

Italian: ottobre

Neapolitan: ottómbre, attrufe

Tarantino: ottommre

Sicilian: uttùviru

→ Maltese: Ottubru

Gallo-Romance

Old Francoprovençal: oitoiro, otoiro, oitembro

Franco-Provençal: octoiro

Old French: oitovre, uitovre, oituevre

Old Occitan: ochoire, oitor, uidor

Old Catalan: vuitubri, uitubri

Catalan: vuitubre (Eivissenc)

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: Otubar

Ladin: otober, utober

Romansch: october, otgover

Venetan: otobre
→ Cimbrian: otobre

West Iberian

Extremaduran: outubri, otubri

Aragonese: otubre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: ochobre

Mirandese: Outubre

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: oytubro, oitubro, oytubre, outubro
Galician: outubro
Portuguese: outubro (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: ochubre

Ladino: ochobre

Borrowings

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ὀκτώβριος (Oktṓbrios), Ὀκτώμβριος (Oktṓmbrios) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Middle High German: octōber
Alemannic German: Oktoober
Bavarian: Oktoba
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Oktover
Kölsch: Oktoober
Luxembourgish: Oktober
Cimbrian: oktòbar
German: Oktober, October
→ Estonian: oktoober
Pennsylvania German: Oktower
Yiddish: אָקטאָבער (oktober)

Romance

Aragonese: octubre (semi-learned)

Catalan: octubre

Ladino: oktubre (semi-learned)

Occitan: octobre

Old French: octobre
French: octobre
Guianese Creole: òktòb
Haitian Creole: oktòb
→ Iranian Persian: اکتبر (oktobr)
→ South Azerbaijani: اوْکتوْبر (oktobr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: أكتوبر (oktōbr)
Norman:
Cotentin: octobe
Jersey: octobre
Guernsey: octobre
Sark: oktobr
Walloon: octôbe
→ Middle English: October
English: October (see there for further descendants)
Scots: October

Spanish: octubre (semi-learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Albanian: tetor (calque)

→ Cimbrian: achte maanont (calque)

Unsorted borrowings

Africa

Northern and Horn

Amharic: ኦክተውበር (ʾoktäwbär)

Kabyle: tuber

Somali: Oktoobar

Subsaharan

Ewe: Ɔktober

Malagasy: Oktobra

Tumbuka: okutobala

Wolof: Oktoobar

Americas

Greenlandic: oktobari

Inuktitut: ᐅᒃᑐᐳᕆ (oktopori)

Asia and Oceania

Central and Western Asia

Arabic: أكتوبر (ʔuktōbir,ʔuktōbar)

desc

Hebrew: אוקטובר

Hebrew: אוקטובר

South Asia

Dhivehi: އޮކްޓޫބަރު (ok̊ṭūbaru)

Kannada: ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ (akṭōbar)

Marathi: ऑक्टोबर (ŏkṭobar)

Odia: ଅକ୍ଟୋବର (akṭobara)

Pashto: اکټوبر (akṭóbár)

Sinhalese: ඔක්තෝබර් (oktōbar)

Telugu: అక్టోబరు (akṭōbaru)

Southeast Asia and Oceania

Balinese: Oktober

Banjarese: Uktubir

Fijian: okotova

Gilbertese: Okitobwa

Gorontalo: Oktober

Gujarati: ઓક્ટોબર (okṭobar)

Javanese: Oktober

Minangkabau: Oktober

Samoan: oketopa

Sundanese: Oktober

Tahitian: ’ātopa

Europe

Hungarian: október

Baltic

Latvian: oktobris

Livonian: oktōbõr

Germanic

Danish: oktober

desctree

Dutch: oktober, october (before 1996)
Afrikaans: Oktober
Negerhollands: october
→ Caribbean Hindustani: aktobar
→ Indonesian: Oktober
→ Papiamentu: òktober
→ Trió: akëtopë

Dutch Low Saxon: oktober

Faroese: oktober

German Low German: Oktober

Icelandic: október

Limburgish: óktoeaber

North Frisian: oktuuber, uktoober

Norwegian: oktober

Saterland Frisian: Oktober

Swedish: oktober

West Flemish: oktober

West Frisian: oktober

Slavic

Bulgarian: октомври (oktomvri)

Lower Sorbian: oktober

Macedonian: октомври (oktomvri)

Carpathian Rusyn: октобер (oktober)

Serbo-Croatian: oktobar / октобар

Slovak: október

Slovene: oktober

Upper Sorbian: oktober


October

From Latin Octōber (“of the eighth month”).


November

w:International Civil Aviation Organization

ITU
w:International Telecommunication Union

IMO
w:International Maritime Organization

radiotelephony clear code
w:NATO phonetic alphabet

(international standards) NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony clear code (spelling-alphabet name) for the letter N.

(nautical) Signal flag for the letter N.

Norbert

the letter "N" in a national spelling alphabet

november (alternative)
NOVEMBER (alternative)


November

Red o'er the forest glows the setting sun, / The line of yellow light dies fast away / That crown'd the eastern copse, and chill and dun / Falls on the moor the brief November day.

1827, [John Keble], “Twenty-third Sunday after Trinity”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 85:

The eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following October and preceding December. Abbreviation: Nov or Nov.

Novembers (plural)
Novembre (alternative)

Bislama: novemba

Pitcairn-Norfolk: Nowemba

Tok Pisin: Novemba

→ Bengali: নভেম্বর (nobhembor)

→ Burmese: နိုဝင်ဘာ (nuiwangbha)

→ Chichewa: Novembala

→ Dari: نومبر (novembar)

→ Dhivehi: ނޮވެމްބަރު (novem̊baru)

→ Hausa: Nuwamba

→ Hawaiian: Nowemapa

→ Hindi: नवंबर (navambar)

→ Malay: November

→ Maori: Noema

→ Marshallese: Nobōm̧ba

→ Swahili: Novemba

→ Tokelauan: Novema

→ Tongan: Nōvema

→ Yoruba: Nùfẹ́ḿbà

ноябрь

From Middle English Novembre, from Old French novembre, from Latin November (“ninth month”), from Latin novem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”); + Latin -ber, from -bris, an adjectival suffix. November was the ninth month in the Roman calendar.
Displaced native Old English blōtmōnaþ (literally “sacrifice month”), so called because the Anglo-Saxons, when they were pagans, would sacrifice in this month before the winter set in.


November

de-noun

November m (strong, genitive Novembers or November, plural November)

Novembers (genitive)
November (genitive)
November (plural)
November (nominative singular)
November (definite nominative plural)
Novembers (genitive singular)
November (genitive singular)
November (definite genitive plural)
November (dative singular)
Novembern (dative definite plural)
November (accusative singular)
November (accusative definite plural)

→ Estonian: november

→ Hunsrik: November

→ Kashubian: nowember

From Middle High German november, borrowed from Latin November, from novem, from Proto-Italic *nowem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


November

Novembêr (canonical)
Nopember (alternative)

From Dutch november, from Latin November (“ninth month”).


November

Novembri mense ac Decembri per sementem quantum appetit bos.

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 6

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

la-adj

November (feminine Novembris, neuter Novembre); third-declension three-termination adjective

Novembris (feminine)
Novembre (neuter)
November (masculine nominative singular)
Novembris (feminine nominative singular)
Novembrēs (masculine nominative singular)
Novembrēs (feminine nominative plural)
Novembris (genitive masculine singular)
Novembris (feminine genitive singular)
Novembrium (genitive masculine singular)
Novembrium (feminine genitive plural)
Novembrī (dative masculine singular)
Novembrī (dative feminine singular)
Novembribus (dative masculine singular)
Novembribus (dative feminine plural)
Novembrem (accusative masculine singular)
Novembrem (accusative feminine singular)
Novembrēs (accusative masculine singular)
Novembrīs (accusative masculine singular)
Novembrēs (accusative feminine plural)
Novembrīs (accusative feminine plural)
Novembrī (ablative masculine singular)
Novembrī (ablative feminine singular)
Novembribus (ablative masculine singular)
Novembribus (ablative feminine plural)
November (masculine singular vocative)
Novembris (feminine singular vocative)
Novembrēs (masculine singular vocative)
Novembrēs (feminine plural vocative)

By haplology from earlier *nove(m)-mēmbris (“of or pertaining to the ninth month”), from earlier *novem-mēnsris, from novem (“nine”) + *mēnsris, from mens- (“month”) + -ris. In the Roman calendar, the year began with Mārtius (“March”), and November was the ninth month of the year.


November

1283 — Tomazina de Savere, published in Josip Lučić (1984) Spisi Dubrovačke Kancelarije, Knjiga II, page 303.
Die septimo nouembris

la-proper noun

November m sg (genitive Novembris); third declension

Novembris (genitive)
November (nominative singular)
Novembris (genitive singular)
Novembrī (dative singular)
Novembrem (accusative singular)
Novembrī (ablative singular)
November (singular vocative)

Franco-Provençal: novembro

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: novèmber, nuvèmber

Ligurian: novénbre

Lombard: nuember, noèmber

Piedmontese: novèmber

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: nuvembre, nuvembri, novembre

Italian: novembre
→ Cimbrian: novembre

Neapolitan: nuvèmbre

Tarantino: novèmmre

desc

Sicilian: nuvembri, nuvèmmiru, nuvèmmuru

→ Maltese: Novembru

desctree

Old French: novembre
Franc-Comtois: nôvembre
French: novembre
Guianese Creole: novanm
Haitian Creole: novanm
→ Iranian Persian: نوامبر (novâmbr)
→ South Azerbaijani: نوْوامبر (novambr)
→ Tunisian Arabic: نوفمبر (novōmbr)
Norman:
Cotentin: novembe
Guernsey: novembre
Jersey: Novembre
Sark: novãbr
Walloon: nôvimbe
→ Middle English: Novembre
English: November (see there for further descendants)
Scots: November

Old Occitan:

Gascon: noveme

Occitan: novembre

Old Catalan: noembre

Catalan: novembre

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: Novembar

Ladin: november, nuvember

Romansch: november

Venetan: novenbre

West Iberian

Extremaduran: noviembri

Aragonese: noviembre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: noviembre

Mirandese: Nobembre

Old Galician-Portuguese: novembro, novenbro, novembre
Galician: novembro
Portuguese: novembro (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish:

Ladino: noviembre, novyembre

Spanish: noviembre (see there for further descendants)

→ Koine Greek: Νοέμβριος (Noémbrios)
Greek: Νοέμβριος (Noémvrios), Νοέμβρης (Noémvris)
→ Old Armenian: նոյեմբեր (noyember), նոյենբեր (noyenber), նովեմբեր (november) (partially)
Armenian: նոյեմբեր (noyember)
→ Georgian: ნოემბერი (noemberi)
→ Aromanian: Nuembru (partially)
→ Old Church Slavonic: ноѩбрь (nojębrĭ)
→ Old East Slavic: ноꙗбрь (nojabrĭ)
Russian: ноябрь (nojabrʹ) (see there for further descendants)
→ Romanian: noiembrie
→ Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲙⲃⲣⲓⲟⲥ (noembrios)

→ Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂 (naubaimbair)

→ Albanian: nëntor (calque)

→ Cimbrian: nòinte maanont (calque)

Borrowings

→ Middle High German: november
Alemannic German: Novämber
Bavarian: Novemba
Central Franconian:
Kölsch: Novemmber, Novvämmbe, Novëmmbo
Luxembourgish: November
Cimbrian: november
German: November
→ Estonian: november
→ Hunsrik: November
→ Kashubian: nowember
Pennsylvania German: November
Yiddish: נאָוועמבער (november)

Unsorted borrowings

Africa

Northern and Horn

Amharic: ኖቬምበር (novembär)

Egyptian Arabic: نوفمبر (novamber)

desc

Kabyle: wamber, nwamber, nunber, nunember

Somali: Nofeembar

Subsaharan

Ewe: Nɔvember

Malagasy: Novambra

Tumbuka: novembala

Wolof: Nowembar

Americas

Greenlandic: novembari

Inuktitut: ᓄᕕᒻᐳᕆ (nofimpori)

Asia and Oceania

Central and Western Asia

Arabic: نُوفِمْبِر (nūfimbir)

Hebrew: נובמבר (novémber)

South Asia

Kannada: ನವೆಂಬರ್ (navembar)

Odia: ନଭେମ୍ବର (nabhembara)

Pashto: نومبر (nowambár)

Sinhalese: නොවැම්බර් (nowæmbar)

Tamil: நவம்பர் (navampar)

Telugu: నవంబరు (navambaru)

Urdu: نومبر (navambar)

Southeast Asia and Oceania

Balinese: Nopémber

Banjarese: Nupimbir

Fijian: Noveba

Gilbertese: Nobembwa

Gorontalo: Nopember

Minangkabau: Nopember

Samoan: novema

Sundanese: Nopémber

Tahitian: novema

Europe

Hungarian: november

Baltic

Latvian: novembris

Livonian: novembõr

Germanic

Danish: november

desctree

Dutch: november
Afrikaans: November
Negerhollands: november
→ Caribbean Hindustani: nowambar
→ Caribbean Javanese: Nopèmber
→ Indonesian: November
→ Papiamentu: novèmber, november
→ Trió: nopenpë

Dutch Low Saxon: november

Faroese: november

German Low German: November

Icelandic: nóvember

Limburgish: nevèmber

North Frisian: nofember, nowämber

Norwegian: november

Swedish: november

West Flemish: November

West Frisian: novimber

Slavic

Bulgarian: ноември (noemvri)

Lower Sorbian: nowember

Macedonian: ноември (noemvri)

Carpathian Rusyn: новембер (november)

Serbo-Croatian: novembar / новембар

Slovak: november

Slovene: november

Upper Sorbian: nowember


November

November (eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar)

نوۏيمبر (Jawi)

Borrowed from English November, from Middle English, from Old French novembre, from Latin November, from novem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


November

From Latin November (“of the ninth month”).


grain of salt


multiculturalism

Near-synonym: polyculturalism (several or many)

The truth is that diversity, a kind of multiculturalism if we want to call it that, is the norm in any society.

1984, David Malouf, A First Place, Vintage, published 2015, page 18:

Something had to replace the threat of communism, and at last a workable substitute is at hand. "Multiculturalism," as the new menace is known, has been denounced in the media recently as the new McCarthyism, the new fundamentalism, even the new totalitarianism – take your choice.

1991 April 8, Barbara Ehrenreich, “Essay: Teach Diversity – with a Smile”, in Time:

Britain has pursued a policy of multiculturalism - allowing people of different cultures to settle without expecting them to integrate into society.

2005 August 3, David Davis MP, Daily Telegraph:

Earlier this year he said multiculturalism had “failed”, that immigrants needed to “melt” into French society, and that “we do not want ostentatious prayers in the street in France.”

2011 April 7, “On a mat and a prayer”, in The Economist:

The characteristics of an organization, society, city etc. which has many different ethnic or national cultures mingling freely; political or social policies which support or encourage such coexistence.

(derogatory) the cultural Marxism conspiracy theory.

en-noun

multiculturalism (countable and uncountable, plural multiculturalisms)


multiculturalism

multiculturalism (coexistence of several different cultures in one society)

multiculturalism (accusative indefinite nominative)
multiculturalismul (accusative definite nominative)
multiculturalism (indefinite)
multiculturalismului (definite)
multiculturalismule (vocative)

Borrowed from English multiculturalism. By surface analysis, multicultural + -ism.


current events

Current affairs; those events and issues of interest currently found in the news.

en-noun

current events pl (normally plural, singular current event)


day

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Land Dayak languages.


day

day and night;  I work at night and sleep during the day.

The day was cool and snappy for August, and the Rise all green with a lavish nature. Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams,[…].

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

The time when the Sun is above the horizon and it lights the sky.

A period of time equal or almost equal to a full day-night cycle.

The time taken for the Sun to seem to be in the same place in the sky twice; a solar day.

The time taken for the Earth to make a full rotation about its axis with respect to the fixed stars; a sidereal day or stellar day.

I've been here for two days and a bit.

Your 8am forecast: The high for the day will be 30 and the low, before dawn, will be 10.

(informal or meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.

The day begins at midnight.

Monday is the first day of the week in many countries of the world.

A period of time between two set times which mark the beginning and the end of day in a calendar, such as from midnight to the following midnight or (Judaism) from nightfall to the following nightfall.

A day on Mars is slightly over 24 hours.

(astronomy) The rotational period of a planet.

I worked two days last week.

“[…]if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. What I won't stand is to have them togs called a livery.[…]”

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

The part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.

Christmas Day

Remembrance Day

An observance lasting for a day, such as an annual holiday.

every dog has its day; in that day; back in the day; in those days

This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking.[…]Indeed, all his features were in large mold, like the man himself, as though he had come from a day when skin garments made the proper garb of men.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day, at least they did not have less.

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

In his senior year, he had run across an old '66 Chevy Super Sport headed for the junkyard, bought it for a song, and overhauled it with his dad's help, turning it into the big red muscle car it was back in its day.

2011, Kat Martin, A Song for My Mother^([200]), Vanguard Press, →ISBN:

A specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing; age; time; era.

The day belonged to the Allies.

A period of contention of a day or less.

days (plural)
daie (alternative)
daye (alternative)

any day of the week and twice on Sundays

even a stopped clock is right twice a day

every day of the week and twice on Sundays

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof

Sranan Tongo: dei

يَوْم

period from midnight to the following midnight

يَوْم

part of a day period which one spends at one's job, school, etc.

Etymology tree
Middle English day
English day
Inherited from Middle English day, from Old English dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”); see there for more.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dai (“day”), West Frisian dei (“day”), Dutch dag (“day”), German Low German Dag (“day”), Alemannic German Däi (“day”), German Tag (“day”), Swedish, Norwegian and Danish dag (“day”), Icelandic dagur (“day”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags, “day”). Possible cognates beyond Germanic relatives include Albanian djeg (“to burn”), Lithuanian degti (“to burn”), Tocharian A tsäk-, Russian жечь (žečʹ, “to burn”) from *degti, Sanskrit दाह (dāhá, “heat”), दहति (dáhati, “to burn”), Latin foveō (“to warm, keep warm, incubate”).
Latin diēs, Russian день (denʹ), Lithuanian dienà are false cognates; they all derive from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to shine”).


day

I nighted and dayed in Damascus town[.]

1885, Richard F. Burton, chapter XXIII, in The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, volume I, The Burton Club, page 233:

(rare, intransitive) To spend a day (in a place).

en-verb

day (third-person singular simple present days, present participle daying, simple past and past participle dayed)

days (present singular third-person)
daying (participle present)
dayed (participle past)
dayed (past)
daie (alternative)
daye (alternative)

Sunday · Monday · Tuesday · Wednesday · Thursday · Friday · Saturday [edit]


day

az-noun

day (definite accusative dayı, plural daylar)

dayı (accusative definite)
daylar (plural)
dayım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
daylarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
dayın (nominative possessive second-person singular)
dayların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
dayı (nominative possessive singular third-person)
dayları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
dayımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
daylarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
dayınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
daylarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
dayı (nominative plural possessive third-person)
dayları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
dayımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
daylarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
dayını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
daylarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
dayını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
daylarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
dayımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
daylarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
dayınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
daylarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
dayını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
daylarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
dayıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
daylarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
dayına (dative possessive second-person singular)
daylarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
dayına (dative possessive singular third-person)
daylarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
dayımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
daylarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
dayınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
daylarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
dayına (dative plural possessive third-person)
daylarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
dayımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
daylarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
dayında (locative possessive second-person singular)
daylarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
dayında (locative possessive singular third-person)
daylarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
dayımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
daylarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
dayınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
daylarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
dayında (locative plural possessive third-person)
daylarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
dayımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
daylarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
dayından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
daylarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
dayından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
daylarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
dayımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
daylarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
dayınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
daylarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
dayından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
daylarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
dayımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
daylarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
dayının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
daylarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
dayının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
daylarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
dayımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
daylarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
dayınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
daylarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
dayının (genitive plural possessive third-person)
daylarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)

→ Lezgi: тай (taj) (or < Kumyk)


day

(colloquial) a familiar address to a girl


day

Þu myhteſ faren al a dæiſ fare ſculdeſt thu neure finden man in tun ſittende · ne land tiled.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

You could go a whole day's journey, but you'd never find anyone in town or any tilled fields.

Toward Saluces / shapyng hir iourney / ffro day to day / they ryden in hir wey […]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:

Towards Saluzzo they make their journey, / From day to day they ride on their way […]

and he clepide the liȝt, dai, and the derkneſſis, nyȝt. And the euentid and morwetid was maad, o daie.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Genesis 1:5”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

And he called light "day" and the darkness "night". And the evening and morning was made; one day.

dayes (plural)
days (plural)
dawes (plural)
dai (alternative)
dæi (alternative)
dey (alternative)
daȝ (alternative)
dæȝ (alternative)
dei (alternative)
daye (alternative)
daȝȝ (alternative)
daȝh (alternative)
daiȝ (alternative)
*dah (alternative)

English: day

Scots: day

Yola: die, dei, dey, daie

Inherited from Old English dæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *dag.


day

A'm sorry, A've no seen Angus the day.


day

Tôi đặt bút xuống, khẽ liếm môi, lại đưa tay day mắt, cảm thấy mình như vừa tỉnh mộng.

2016, chapter 2, in Nguyễn Đức Vịnh, transl., Đừng nói chuyện với cô ấy, part I, NXB Phụ Nữ, translation of 别和她说话 by Yù Jǐn (Ngộ Cẩn):

I put down my pen, gently licked my lips, and lifted my hand to again rub my eyes, feeling as if I had just woken up from a dream.


Monday

Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Willingdon, […] would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his instructions.

The second day of the week in many religious traditions, and the first day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm. It follows Sunday and precedes Tuesday.

Sranan Tongo: munde

Tok Pisin: Mande

→ Maori: Mane

→ Tahitian: Monite

→⇒ Fijian: siga Monite

From Middle English Monday, Monenday, from Old English mōnandæġ (“day of the moon”), from Proto-West Germanic *mānini dag, a calque (interpretātiō germānica) of Latin diēs Lūnae, equivalent to Moon + day.
Compare Saterland Frisian Moundai (“Monday”), West Frisian moandei (“Monday”), German Low German Maandag, Moondag, Maondag (“Monday”), Dutch maandag (“Monday”), German Montag (“Monday”), Pennsylvania German Mundaag (“Monday”), Danish mandag (“Monday”), Swedish måndag (“Monday”), Norwegian Bokmål mandag (“Monday”), Norwegian Nynorsk måndag (“Monday”), Icelandic mánudagur (“Monday”), Finnish maanantai (“Monday”).
Compare Japanese 月曜日.


Monday

We've worked out the schedule for Easter week: We'll be shopping Monday […]


Monday

English: Monday (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Monanday

Yola: Mondei

days of the week: weke-day: Sunnenday · Monday · Tewesday · Wednesday · Thursday · Friday · Saterday [edit]

Monenday (alternative)
Moneday (alternative)
moneday (alternative)


Tuesday

Alaska DOT crews returned to Igiugig on Tuesday to repair the lights, which are now back in service, Dapcevich said.

2020 September 1, Christina Zdanowicz, “When the runway lights failed, Alaska residents used their car headlights to land a medevac plane”, in CNN:

The third day of the week in many religious traditions, and the second day of the week in systems that use the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Monday and precedes Wednesday.

Chun-Li: My father saved his village at the cost of his own life. You had him shot as you ran away. A hero at a thousand paces.
M. Bison: ...I'm sorry. I don't remember any of it.
Chun-Li: You don't remember?!
Bison: For you, the day Bison graced your village was the most important day of your life. But for me, it was Tuesday.

1994 December, Steven E. de Souza, directed by Steven E. de Souza, Street Fighter, spoken by Chun-Li, General M. Bison (Ming-Na Wen,Raúl Juliá), Universal Pictures, →ISBN:

(informal) An ordinary, unmemorable day.

/ˈt͡ʃʉːzdæe/

From Middle English Tewesday, from Old English tīwesdæġ (“Tuesday”), from Proto-West Germanic *Tīwas dag (“Tuesday”, literally “Tiw's Day”).
This was a Germanic interpretation of Latin diēs Mārtis, itself a translation of Ancient Greek Ἄρεως ἡμέρα (Áreōs hēméra) (interpretatio romana). Cognate with Scots Tysday (“Tuesday”), Saterland Frisian Täisdai (“Tuesday”), West Frisian tiisdei (“Tuesday”), dialectal German Ziestag (“Tuesday”), Danish tirsdag (“Tuesday”), Swedish tisdag (“Tuesday”), Finnish tiistai (“Tuesday”). More at Tyr, day.


Tuesday

(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Tuesday.

/ˈt͡ʃʉːzdæe/


Wednesday

The fourth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the third day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Tuesday and precedes Thursday.

→ Maori: Wenerei

From Middle English Wednesday, Wednesdai, from unattested Old English *wēdnesdæġ (“Wednesday”), synchronically an i-mutated form of attested wōdnesdæġ (itself from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag, its reflex Middle English Wodnesdei falling into disuse), from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdinas dag also attested in Old Frisian wednesdei and Middle Dutch wenesdach. In any case, a calque (interpretātiō germānica) of Latin diēs Mercuriī (“day of Mercury”) and Koine Ancient Greek ἡμέρα (hēméra, “day”) Ἑρμοῦ (Hermoû, “of Hermes”), via an association of the god Odin (“Woden”) with Mercury and Hermes.
Cognate with West Frisian woansdei (“Wednesday”), Afrikaans Woensdag (“Wednesday”), Dutch woensdag (“Wednesday”), Limburgish woonsdig (“Wednesday”), Dutch Low Saxon woonsdag (“Wednesday”), German Low German Woonsdag (“Wednesday”), dialectal German Wodenstag (“Wednesday”), Danish onsdag (“Wednesday”), Norwegian Bokmål onsdag (“Wednesday”), Norwegian Nynorsk onsdag (“Wednesday”), Swedish onsdag (“Wednesday”).
See also Japanese 水曜日 (Mercury's day).


Wednesday

(UK, soccer) nickname of Sheffield Wednesday of the Football League.


Wednesday

(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Wednesday.


Wednesday

English: Wednesday
→ Maori: Wenerei

Scots: Wadensday

Yola: Wennesdei

From Old English *wēdnesdæġ, a by-form of wōdnesdæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag.

Wednesdei (alternative)
Wodnesdai (alternative)
Wedonesday (alternative)
wednesday (alternative)


Thursday

Cap[ulet]. […] If vve ſhould reuell much, therefore vve vvill haue / Some halfe a dozen frends and make no more adoe. / But vvhat ſay you to Thurſday. / Par[is]. My Lorde I vviſhe that Thurſday vvere to morrovv.

c. 1591–1595 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] Romeo and Juliet. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, published 1597, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

But for satisfaction pure and deep, for balance in pleasure and comfort, Thursday canʼt be beat.

1992, Toni Morrison, Jazz, Vintage (2016), page 50:

The fifth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fourth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Wednesday and precedes Friday.

From Middle English Thursday, Thuresday, from Old English þursdæġ, þurresdæġ (“Thursday”), possibly from a contraction of þunresdæġ (“Thursday”, literally “Thor's day”), but more likely of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse þórsdagr; all from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“day of the thunder god”). Compare West Frisian tongersdei, German Low German Dunnersdag, Dutch donderdag, German Donnerstag, Danish torsdag. More at thunder, day.
A calque of Latin diēs Iovis (diēs Jovis), via an association (interpretātiō germānica) of the god Thor with the Roman god of thunder Jove (Jupiter).


Thursday

(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Thursday.


Thursday

English: Thursday

Scots: Forsday, Försday

Yola: Thorsdei

From Old English þurresdæġ, þursdæġ, late form of þunresdæġ, from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag. Possibly influenced by Old Norse þórsdagr, though compare the development of early Middle English are from ānre.

Thuresday (alternative)
Thurysday (alternative)
Þursday (alternative)
Thoresday (alternative)


Friday

For a micromoon and Friday the 13th full moon to occur together is extraordinarily rare. The last time it happened was in 1832 and it won't happen again for more than 500 years according to Tony Rice, a meteorologist and engineer at NASA.

2019 September 13, Matthew Cappucci, “For the first time in 13 years, a full moon rises this Friday the 13th”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 2020-10-29:

Their mindset is the grindset, and they love the grind. I used to have a sales manager who didn't think this way. On Fridays, he'd always say, “Happy Friday.” A lot of people feel that way, but I never liked that phrase because it[…]

2020 March 30, T.W. Lewis, Solid Ground: A Foundation For Winning In Work and In Life, T.W. Lewis, →ISBN:

The sixth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fifth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Muslim Sabbath; it follows Thursday and precedes Saturday.

Tomorrow's Thursday, but I have Friday and Saturday off, so really it's my Friday.

(colloquial, with possessive) The last workday in a work schedule that is not Monday through Friday.

Tok Pisin: Fraide

→ Maori: Paraire

From Middle English Friday, from Old English frīġedæġ. Compound of Frīġ and dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag, a calque of Latin diēs Veneris, via an association (interpretātiō germānica) of the goddess Frigg with the Roman goddess of love Venus.
Compare West Frisian freed, German Low German Freedag, Friedag, Dutch vrijdag, German Freitag, Danish fredag.
Old Norse Frigg (genitive Friggjar), Old Saxon Fri, and Old English Frīġ are derived from Proto-Germanic *Frijjō. Frigg is cognate with Sanskrit प्रिया (priyā́, “wife”). The root also appears in Old Saxon fri (“beloved lady”); in Swedish fria, in Danish and Norwegian as fri (“to propose for marriage”); a related meaning exists in Icelandic as frjá (“to love”) and similarly in Dutch vrijen (“to make love (to have sex)”).
Compare Japanese 金曜日.


Friday

desctree

English: Friday
Tok Pisin: Fraide
→ Maori: Paraire

Scots: Friday

Yola: Vreedie, Vridei, vreedei

From Old English frīġedæġ. Forms with -e- are possibly after Old Norse freadagr, frjádagr, but may also represent the regular phonological development of frīġedæġ in some dialects.

ffryday (alternative)
Freday (alternative)
fridai (alternative)
Fryda (alternative)
fryday (alternative)
Vriday (alternative)
vridei (alternative)
fridæi (alternative)
Fridæig (alternative)
friȝdæi (alternative)


Saturday

The seventh day of the week in many religious traditions, and the sixth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Jewish Sabbath; it follows Friday and precedes Sunday.

Tok Pisin: Sarere

From Middle English Saterday, from Old English sæterdæġ, earlier sæternesdæġ (“Saterday”, literally “Saturn's day”), from Proto-West Germanic *Sāturnas dag; a translation of Latin diēs Saturnī. Compare West Frisian saterdei (“Saturday”), Dutch zaterdag (“Saturday”), German Low German Saterdag (“Saturday”).

Saturday (disambiguation)
Week-day names


Saturday

(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Saturday.


Saturday

Mr. Angus Hibbard, of New York, Fridayed and Saturdayed in Chicago, for the show and banquet.

1913, Bell Telephone News, volume 3, page 5:

(uncommon, creative) To spend Saturday (at a place or doing an activity).

en-verb

Saturday (third-person singular simple present Saturdays, present participle Saturdaying, simple past and past participle Saturdayed)

Saturdays (present singular third-person)
Saturdaying (participle present)
Saturdayed (participle past)
Saturdayed (past)


Sunday

Every day is like Sunday / Every day is silent and grey

1988, Morrissey, “Everyday Is Like Sunday”, in Viva Hate:

And after missing a simple header in the first half, the Manchester United striker ensured England topped Group D to set up a quarter-final meeting with Italy in Kiev on Sunday.

2012 June 19, Phil McNulty, “England 1-0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport:

The first day of the week in many religious traditions, and the seventh day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 standard; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day; it follows Saturday and precedes Monday.

I gave him the switchboard with my love, went down to the Savoy for breakfast and read the Sundays.

1974, John le Carré, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy:

(informal) A newspaper published on Sunday.

It just wasn't his thing, although he did beautiful Sundays for however long he did them. So as soon as he could, he hired someone to do the Sundays. Karen and I would do some dailies, but we were the Sunday artists.

2017, Mark Arnold, Pocket Full of Dennis the Menace:

(informal) A comic strip published in a Sunday newspaper.

Your face is the color of a Sunday swimmer who swallowed half the pool.

2010 November 9, Rosemary Wells, On the Blue Comet, Candlewick Press, →ISBN, page 113:

My limbs felt hollow, empty. Empty, empty, empty. A Sunday cyclist on a casual ride could have passed me.

2010 March 30, Lance Armstrong, Every Second Counts, Random House, →ISBN, page 51:

Below, a Sunday painter dabs at a canvas near the Pont Neuf, his suit as natty as any Landru wore. He tilts his bowler hat and steps back to view his efforts. 'What is a Sunday painter?' Matisse says aloud. 'When we start, we are all Sunday painters.'

2010 December 15, Peter Everett, Matisse's War, Random House, →ISBN:

If he even tries it, then his addiction will take over again. An alcoholic can never become a “Sunday drinker”.

2016 January 18, Renars Sidrabs, Memoirs of a Drunk, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:

(informal, attributive) Describes someone who does something occasionally or casually, and therefore without skill.

Sranan Tongo: sonde

Tok Pisin: sande

→ Klamath-Modoc: sandi

→ Luganda: sande

ܒܝܬ ܫܒܘܥܬܐ

bayṯ šāḇōʿtā

From Middle English Sonday, from Old English sunnandæġ (“day of the sun”), from sunne (“sun”), + dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnōn dag, as a calque (interpretātiō germānica) of Latin diēs Sōlis; declared the "venerable day of the sun" by Roman Emperor Constantine on March 7, 321 C.E..
Compare Saterland Frisian Sundai (“Sunday”), German Low German Sünndag, Dutch zondag, West Frisian snein, German Sonntag, Danish søndag.


Sunday

I waded through accounts of new calves and colts, new fences and barns, who “Sundayed” with his brother, etc., and soon had a list of all the cases in that part of the country.

1910, Arthur B. Reeve, The Silent Bullet, section III:

The dogs and I were Sundaying on the garden lawn.

1944, Emily Carr, “Kipling”, in The House of All Sorts:

2016, Brian Finnegan, “Your Sunday Best,” in totallydublin.ie,
When we’re Sundaying in the city, I like nothing better than to roll out of bed and head straight for Noshington on the corner of South Circular Road and Washington Street, for one of their hugely satisfying weekend brunch options.

To spend Sunday (at a certain place, with a certain person or people, etc.).

en-verb

Sunday (third-person singular simple present Sundays, present participle Sundaying, simple past and past participle Sundayed)

Sundays (present singular third-person)
Sundaying (participle present)
Sundayed (participle past)
Sundayed (past)


lexicography

[T]here are ſeveral Species of Writing, in which a proper Degree of Hebetude is abſolutely neceſſary, as well as in other profeſſions; such as Lexicography, Index-making, and the like; [...]

1735 March 5, “Craftsman, Feb. 22 [Julian calendar]. Nº 451.”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume V, London: […] Edward Cave, […], published February 1735, →OCLC, page 85, column 1:

And ſuch is the fate of hapleſs lexicography, that not only darkneſs, but light, impedes and diſtreſſes it; things may be not only too little, but too much known, to be happily illuſtrated.

1755 April 15, Samuel Johnson, “Preface”, in A Dictionary of the English Language: […], volume I (A–K), London: […] J[ohn] and P[aul] Knapton; […], →OCLC:

Let me warn you, therefore, against that fallacious lexicography which forms new words, that undergoing the examination of political slander or intemperate zeal, are considered as having a known acception.—What is the word?—A word that should be discarded, when it is sought to affix to it another meaning than that which it bears in the cases where it is used.

1795 December 22, [John Philpot] Curran (defence counsel), “612. Trial of James Weldon for High Treason, […]”, in Thomas Jones Howell, editor, Cobbett’s Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors […], volume XXVI, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; [et al.], published 1819, →OCLC, column 267:

[...] I have not only availed myſelf of all the Aſſiſtance which more ancient Sources of Spaniſh Lexicography could afford, but alſo had particular Recourſe to the Dictionary published at Madrid in 1797 and 1798, [...]

1802, Henry Neuman, “Preface”, in A New Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages; […] In Two Parts, 1st part (The Spanish before the English), London: […] Vernor and Hood, […], →OCLC:

There exist different forms of this character, but I think we should not presume to make an etymology of a Chinese character without being authorized by the Shwǒ wǎn, the oldest and most genuine source of Chinese lexicography.

1831, Ying Hing Soo, “Book Second”, in Charles Fried. Neumann [i.e., Karl Friedrich Neumann], transl., History of the Pirates who Infested the China Sea, from 1807 to 1810. […], London: […] Oriental Translation Fund, […], →OCLC, footnote, page 54:

Without doubt, the most important single development in learner lexicography from the mid-1970s onwards has been the steadily increasing involvement of the computer at all stages of the dictionary-making process, from data gathering and analysis at one end, to compilation, production, and revision at the other.

1999, A[nthony] P[aul] Cowie, “The Role of the Computer in Learner Lexicography”, in English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A History, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, section 4.1 (Introduction), page 118:

A dictionary, as an art and craft of lexicography, has always been closely associated with the notion of pedagogy.

2013, Amy Chi, “Researching Pedagogical Lexicography”, in Howard Jackson, editor, The Bloomsbury Companion to Lexicography (Bloomsbury Companions), London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Academic, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 165:

(uncountable) The art or craft of compiling, writing, and editing dictionaries.

But changes of this nature belong to lexicography, as they do not affect the grammatical forms of words.

1828, Moses Stuart, “Changes of Consonants”, in A Grammar of the Hebrew Language, 3rd edition, Andover, Mass.: Flagg & Gould, →OCLC, part II (Changes and Peculiarities of Consonants and Verbs), § 105, page 51:

What the history of language in general teaches, that in course of time, there is less change in form than signification, in grammar than lexicography, is true of the Greek.

1840, Geo. Benedict Winer [i.e., Georg Benedikt Winer], “§ 4. Grammatical Character of the N.T. Diction.”, in J. H Agnew, O. G. Ebbeke, transl., A Grammar of the Idioms of the Greek Language of the New Testament, Philadelphia, Pa.: Herman Hooker, […], →OCLC, part I, page 37:

If Lexicography in general is that science whose task it is to set forth the nature of every single word of a language through all the periods of its existence, it is the task of Latin lexicography in particular to set forth the nature of every single word of the Latin language, as it makes itself known in all the periods of the existence of that language; or more succinctly expressed, it is the object of Latin lexicography to give the history of every single word of the Latin language.

1845 February, Wilhelm Freund, “Article IV. Principles of Latin Lexicography.”, in T[heodore] D[wight] Woolsey, transl., edited by B[ela] B[ates] Edwards and E[dwards] A[masa] Park, Bibliotheca Sacra and Theological Review, volume II, number V, New York, N.Y., London: Wiley & Putnam; Andover, Mass.: Allen, Morrill and Wardwell, →OCLC, section I (Of the Idea and Elements of Latin Lexicography), § 1, page 80:

[T]he philologist may well refuse to accept a body of triliteral roots, developed on a highly artificial and uniform plan, as the ultimate fact in Semitic lexicography.

1911 December 13, C. J. Ball, “A Study in Biblical Philology”, in Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology, volume XXXIII, number CCXLIX, London: Society of Biblical Archaeology, →OCLC, page 13:

Academic lexicography, or 'metalexicography', as pursued in university departments of English or Linguistics, is concerned not primarily with the compiling of dictionaries – though academics may be involved in this, as consultants, for example – but with researching and teaching about the whole business of making dictionaries: their history, their typology, their structures, their users, and so on [...].

2002, Howard Jackson, “Criticising Dictionaries”, in Lexicography: An Introduction, London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 173:

(uncountable, linguistics) The scholarly discipline of analysing and describing the semantic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language and developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data in dictionaries.

There can be no doubt, that in a general sense a boat is a vessel, for it is "a vehicle in which men or goods are carried on the water," which is one of the definitions of a vessel given in our lexicographies; [...]

1828 October, Joseph Story, Associate Judge of the Supreme Court, William P. Mason (reporter), “United States vs. an Open Boat and Lading”, in Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit Court of the United States, for the First Circuit, volume V, Boston, Mass.: Hilliard, Gray, Little, and Wilkins, published 1831, →OCLC, page 134:

"Air put in motion" is the brief description of the wind in lexicographies; but what a contrast in quality according to its direction; [...]

1855 March, “A Bag of Wind”, in Putnam’s Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Science, and Art, volume V, number XXVII, New York, N.Y.: Dix & Edwards, […]; London: Sampson Low, Son & Co., →OCLC, page 251, column 1:

The earliest examples of dictionaries or lexicographies in nearly any culture serve more to regularize and standardize the lexicon than to list or inventory it, and as such would tend to take as their object textual rather than spoken language.

1998, Christopher Leigh Connery, “Textual Authority and Textual Practice”, in The Empire of the Text: Writing and Authority in Early Imperial China, Lanham, Md., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 37:

(countable) A dictionary, a lexicon, a wordbook.

en-noun

lexicography (countable and uncountable, plural lexicographies)

лексикогра́фия

scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing lexical relationships and developing dictionary structures

/ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfi/

/ˌlɛksɪˈkɑɡɹəfi/

From lexico- (prefix meaning ‘speech; words’) + -graphy (suffix meaning ‘something written about a specified subject’).


antonym

“Rich” is an antonym of “poor”; “full” is an antonym of “empty”.

(semantics) A word which has the opposite meaning of another word.

All four lines of the pattern are required to establish that hot and cold are antonyms.
The water is hot entails The water is not cold.
The water is cold entails The water is not hot.
The water is not hot does not entail The water is cold.
The water is not cold does not entail The water is hot.

2005, Andrew John Merrison, Aileen Bloomer, Patrick Griffiths, Christopher J. Hall, Introducing Language in Use, page 111:

gradable antonym
gradable antonym#English

A word that describes one end of a scale, while its opposite describes the other end, such as large versus small; a gradable antonym.

From French antonyme (1840s and 1850s), which was modeled on earlier synonyme and influenced by the etymons of Ancient Greek ἀντωνυμία (antōnumía, “pronoun”); credit for popularization of the French loanword's naturalization into English is given principally to Charles John Smith and his 1867 book Synonyms and Antonyms: Or, Kindred Words and Their Opposites. Collected and Contrasted. By surface analysis, ant- + -onym.


antonym

antonym (positive)
antonymt (positive)
antonyme (plural positive)
antonyme (positive)


antonym

head

antonym n (singular definite antonymet, plural indefinite antonymer)

antonymet (definite singular)
antonymer (indefinite plural)
antonym (indefinite nominative singular)
antonymet (definite nominative singular)
antonymer (indefinite nominative plural)
antonymerne (definite nominative plural)
antonyms (genitive indefinite singular)
antonymets (definite genitive singular)
antonymers (genitive indefinite plural)
antonymernes (definite genitive plural)


antonym

antonymet (definite singular)
antonym (indefinite plural)
antonymer (indefinite plural)
antonyma (definite plural)
antonymene (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek ἀντωνυμία (antōnumía), from ἀντί (antí, “against”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name, noun”).


antonym

antonymet (definite singular)
antonym (indefinite plural)
antonyma (definite plural)


antonym

antonym (comparative mer antonym, superlative mest antonym)

mer antonym (comparative)
mest antonym (superlative)
antonym (indefinite positive)
mer antonym (comparative indefinite)
mest antonym (indefinite superlative)
antonymt (indefinite neuter positive singular)
mer antonymt (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
mest antonymt (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
antonyma (indefinite plural positive)
mer antonyma (comparative indefinite plural)
mest antonyma (indefinite plural superlative)
antonyme (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
mer antonyma (archaic comparative indefinite masculine plural)
mest antonyma (archaic indefinite masculine plural superlative)
antonyme (definite masculine positive singular)
mer antonyme (comparative definite masculine singular)
mest antonyme (definite masculine singular superlative)
antonyma (definite positive)
mer antonyma (comparative definite)
mest antonyma (definite superlative)


antonym

antonym (indefinite nominative singular)
antonyms (genitive indefinite singular)
antonymen (definite nominative singular)
antonymens (definite genitive singular)
antonymer (indefinite nominative plural)
antonymers (genitive indefinite plural)
antonymerna (definite nominative plural)
antonymernas (definite genitive plural)


connotation

The word "advisedly" has a connotation of "wisely", although it denotes merely "intentionally" and "deliberately."

The word "happy" has a positive connotation, while "sad" has a negative connotation.

(semantics) A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.

The two expressions "the morning star" and "the evening star" have different connotations but the same denotation (i.e. the planet Venus).

(logic) The attribute or aggregate of attributes connoted by a term, contrasted with denotation.

/ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/

/ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃən/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin connotātiō, from connotō (“I mark in addition”), from Latin con- (“together, with”) + noto (“I note”); equivalent to connote + -ation.


connotation

Borrowed from Medieval Latin connotātiōnem, from connotō (“to mark in addition”), from Latin con- (“together, with”) + notō (“to note”). By surface analysis, connoter + -ation.


denotation

The act of denoting, or something (such as a symbol) that denotes

The denotations of the two expressions "the morning star" and "the evening star" are the same (i.e. both expressions denote the planet Venus), but their connotations are different.

Regarding denotation, the terms were generally used to refer to a wide range of language contact varieties and features.

2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 6:

(logic, linguistics, semiotics) The primary, surface, literal, or explicit meaning of a signifier such as a word, phrase, or symbol; that which a word denotes, as contrasted with its connotation; the aggregate or set of objects of which a word may be predicated.

(philosophy, logic) The intension and extension of a word

(semantics) Something signified or referred to; a particular meaning of a symbol

denotational semantics
denotational semantics

(computer science) Any mathematical object which describes the meanings of expressions from the languages, formalized in the theory of denotational semantics

(media studies) A first level of analysis: what the audience can visually see on a page. Denotation often refers to something literal, and avoids being a metaphor.

en-noun

denotation (countable and uncountable, plural denotations)

From Late Latin dēnotātiō, from Latin dēnotāre (“to denote, mark out”) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns of action), from dē- (“completely”) + notāre (“to mark”); equivalent to denote + -ation.


denotation

head

denotation c (singular definite denotationen, plural indefinite denotationer)

denotationen (definite singular)
denotationer (indefinite plural)
denotation (indefinite nominative singular)
denotationen (definite nominative singular)
denotationer (indefinite nominative plural)
denotationerne (definite nominative plural)
denotations (genitive indefinite singular)
denotationens (definite genitive singular)
denotationers (genitive indefinite plural)
denotationernes (definite genitive plural)


synonym

(semantics, strictly) A word or term whose meaning is the same as that of another.

“Happy” is a synonym of “glad”.

The proportion of English words that have an exact synonym is small.

1991, William T. Parry, Edward A. Hacker, Aristotelian Logic:

(semantics, loosely) A word or phrase with a meaning that is the same as, or very similar to, another word or phrase.

(taxonomy) Any of the various names that could in theory be used for a taxon in accordance with the relevant rules.

(taxonomy, informal) The subset of those names other than the one to be used according to the rules.

(taxonomy, by extension) Any name that has been applied to a taxon other than the one to be used, including those not allowed by the rules such as misspellings or nomina nuda.

Synonyms are part of the SQL standard and are used frequently by Oracle DBAs. Note that Oracle includes both private and public synonyms.

2011, Paul Nielsen, Uttam Parui, Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Bible:

(databases) An alternative (often shorter) name defined for an object in a database.

synonyms (plural)
synonime (alternative)
synonyme (alternative)

From Middle English sinonyme, from Latin synōnymum, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), neuter singular form of συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). By surface analysis, syn- + -onym.


synonym

synonym (positive)
synonymt (positive)
synonyme (plural positive)
synonyme (positive)


synonym

synonym n (singular definite synonymet, plural indefinite synonymer)

synonymet (definite singular)
synonymer (indefinite plural)
synonym (indefinite nominative singular)
synonymet (definite nominative singular)
synonymer (indefinite nominative plural)
synonymerne (definite nominative plural)
synonyms (genitive indefinite singular)
synonymets (definite genitive singular)
synonymers (genitive indefinite plural)
synonymernes (definite genitive plural)


synonym

de-adj

synonym (strong nominative masculine singular synonymer, not comparable)

synonymer (masculine nominative singular strong)
synonym (masculine predicative singular)
synonym (feminine predicative singular)
synonym (neuter predicative singular)
synonym (plural predicative)
synonymer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
synonyme (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
synonymes (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
synonyme (nominative plural strong without-article)
synonymen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
synonymer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
synonymen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
synonymer (genitive plural strong without-article)
synonymem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
synonymer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
synonymem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
synonymen (dative plural strong without-article)
synonymen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
synonyme (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
synonymes (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
synonyme (accusative plural strong without-article)
der synonyme (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die synonyme (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das synonyme (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die synonymen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des synonymen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der synonymen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des synonymen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der synonymen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem synonymen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der synonymen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem synonymen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den synonymen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den synonymen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die synonyme (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das synonyme (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die synonymen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein synonymer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine synonyme (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein synonymes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
synonymen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine synonymen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines synonymen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer synonymen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines synonymen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
synonymen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner synonymen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem synonymen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer synonymen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem synonymen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
synonymen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen synonymen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen synonymen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine synonyme (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein synonymes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
synonymen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine synonymen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)


synonym

head

synonym (neuter singular synonymt, definite singular and plural synonyme)

synonymt (neuter singular)
synonyme (definite plural singular)

From Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), and συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”).


synonym

synonymet (definite singular)
or synonymer (indefinite plural synonym)
synonyma (definite plural)
synonymene (definite plural)


synonym

synonymt (neuter)
synonyme (definite plural singular)
synonymare (comparative)
synonymast (indefinite superlative)
synonymaste (definite superlative)


synonym

synonymet (definite singular)
synonym (indefinite plural)
synonyma (definite plural)


synonym

synonym (indefinite positive)
synonymt (indefinite neuter positive singular)
synonyma (indefinite plural positive)
synonyma (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
synonyma (definite positive)


synonym

synonym (indefinite nominative singular)
synonyms (genitive indefinite singular)
synonymen (definite nominative singular)
synonymens (definite genitive singular)
synonymer (indefinite nominative plural)
synonymers (genitive indefinite plural)
synonymerna (definite nominative plural)
synonymernas (definite genitive plural)


dialect

The question could be put: 'Is there anything inherent in a dialect which gives it a negative stigma or is it that the status of the majority of the speakers is transferred to the dialect?' — something that occurs in many regions in different countries.

1995, Michael [G.] Clyne, The German language in a changing Europe, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 117:

Bloomfield, for example, noted that “local dialects are spoken by the peasants and the poorest people of the towns” (1933: 50) though he also thought that the lower middle class spoke 'sub-standard' speech.

2010, Mirjam Fried, Jan-Ola Östman, Jef Verschueren, editors, Variation and Change: Pragmatic perspectives (Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights; 6), John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, Dialect, by Ronald Macaulay, page 61:

Among common errors still persisting in the minds of educated people, one error which dies very hard is the theory that a dialect is an arbitrary distortion of the mother tongue, a wilful mispronunciation of the sounds, and disregard of the syntax of a standard language.

2014, Elizabeth Mary Wright (died 1958), Rustic Speech and Folk-Lore:

(linguistics, strict sense) A lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German).

And in addition, many dialects of English make no morphological distinction between Adjectives and Adverbs, and thus use Adjectives in contexts where the standard language requires -ly Adverbs

1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational Grammar: A First Course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 139:

(linguistics, broad sense) A variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon.

Well, those children don't speak dialect, not in this school. Maybe in the public schools, but not here.

1975, H. Carl, Linguistic Perspectives on Black English, page 219:

[…] on the second day, Miss Anderson gave the school a lecture on why it was wrong to speak dialect. She had ended by saying "Respectable people don't speak dialect."

1994, H. Nigel Thomas, Spirits in the Dark, Heinemann, page 11:

Many even deny it and say something like this: "No, we don't speak a dialect around here.

1967, Roger W. Shuy, Discovering American Dialects, National Council of Teachers of English, page 1:

(derogatory) Language that is perceived as substandard or wrong.

(colloquial, offensive) A language existing only in an oral or non-standardized form, especially a language spoken in a developing country or an isolated region.

Home computers in the 1980s had many incompatible dialects of BASIC.

programming language
programming language

(computing, programming) A variant of a non-standardized programming language.

A curious question, which has as yet attracted but little attention, is whether the notes of the same species of Bird are in all countries alike. From my own observation I am inclined to think that they are not, and that there exist "dialects," so to speak, of the song.

1896, Alfred Newton, A Dictionary of Birds, page 893:

(ornithology) A variant form of the vocalizations of a bird species restricted to a certain area or population.

From Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”); by surface analysis, dia- + -lect.


dialect

(linguistics) dialect (language variety)

nl-noun

dialect n (plural dialecten, diminutive dialectje n)

dialecten (plural)
dialectje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: dialek

→ Indonesian: dialek

→ Papiamentu: dialèkt

From Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”).


dialect

(linguistics) language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it

dialecte (plural)
dialect (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
dialectul (accusative definite nominative singular)
dialecte (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
dialectele (accusative definite nominative plural)
dialect (indefinite singular)
dialectului (definite singular)
dialecte (indefinite singular)
dialectelor (definite plural)
dialectule (singular vocative)
dialectelor (vocative)


hyponym

The words “dog”, “cat”, and “human” are hyponyms of “animal” because dogs, cats, and humans are types of animal.

Woman itself has as other hyponyms, sculptress and waitress, but is itself a hyponym of adult.

1977, Ruth Kempson, Semantic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 86:

(semantics) A more specific term; a subordinate grouping word or phrase; a term designating a subclass of another more general class described by the given word.

From hyp- + -onym or hypo- + -nym; from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma) ("appellation"), a Doric specific dialectal form of ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


hyponym

hyponym (positive)
hyponymt (positive)
hyponyme (plural positive)
hyponyme (positive)


hyponym

head

hyponym n (singular definite hyponymet, plural indefinite hyponymer)

hyponymet (definite singular)
hyponymer (indefinite plural)
hyponym (indefinite nominative singular)
hyponymet (definite nominative singular)
hyponymer (indefinite nominative plural)
hyponymerne (definite nominative plural)
hyponyms (genitive indefinite singular)
hyponymets (definite genitive singular)
hyponymers (genitive indefinite plural)
hyponymernes (definite genitive plural)


hyponym

hyponym (indefinite nominative singular)
hyponyms (genitive indefinite singular)
hyponymen (definite nominative singular)
hyponymens (definite genitive singular)
hyponymer (indefinite nominative plural)
hyponymers (genitive indefinite plural)
hyponymerna (definite nominative plural)
hyponymernas (definite genitive plural)


semantics

Semantics is a foundation of lexicography.

(linguistics) A branch of linguistics studying the meaning of words.

In fact, nowadays a lot is known about the semantics of natural languages, and it is surprisingly easy to build semantic representations which partially capture the meaning of sentences or even entire discourses.

2006, Patrick Blackburn, Johan Bos, Kristina Striegnitz, Learn Prolog Now!, archived from the original on 2015-03-28, section 8.1:

The study of the relationship between words and their meanings.

The semantics of the terms used are debatable.

The semantics of a single preposition is a dissertation in itself.

The individual meanings of words, as opposed to the overall meaning of a passage.

file sharing and locking semantics

(computer science) The meaning of computer language constructs, in contrast to their form or syntax.

(loosely, colloquial, of a detail or distinction) Pettiness or triviality.

en-noun

semantics (countable and uncountable, plural semantics)

semantik

From French sémantique, displacing earlier semasiology. From Ancient Greek σημαντικός (sēmantikós). By surface analysis, semantic + -ics.


false friend

A word and its false friend may well be etymologically related: in such cases semantic shifts have made them drift apart.

(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see false, friend.

zh-l

偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu)

→ Chinese: 假朋友 (jiǎpéngyou), 假友 (jiǎyǒu), 偽友／伪友 (wěiyǒu) (calque)

lists of false friends in various languages

Calque of French faux-ami, from the longer phrase faux amis du traducteur (“false friends of a translator”), first used by Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 in their book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary).


noun

(grammar, strictly) A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as person, animal, place, word, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality, or idea: one of the basic parts of speech in many languages, including English.

Q. What is a Noun? A. The Name of a Thing. Q. How many Sorts of Nouns are there? [...] A. A Noun Substantive, and a Noun Adjective.

1753, Thomas Martin, An Explanation of the Accidence and Grammar To the End of the Syntax in which The Grounds of each Rule in the Syntax are laid down in the plainest Manner. Compiled By way of Question and Answer, For the Use of Schools., London, page 1:

A Noun is a word which serves to name and distinguish some thing; [...]. There are two sorts of nouns; one is called a noun substantive, and the other a noun adjective.

1786, Signor Veneroni, The Complete Italian Master; Containing The best and easiest Rules for attaining that Language, London, page 6:

The first part of a compound word is either a noun (substantive, adjective, or numeral), an adverb, or a preposition, and in a very few cases a verb.

1852, Leonhard Schmitz, Elementary Latin grammar, Edinburgh, page 123:

Finally, there are many who limit the parts of speech to the noun, the verb, and the particle; referring to the first, the substantive, the adjective, and the pronoun (including the article), to the second the participle, to the third the remainder.

1856, R. G. Latham, Logic in its application to language, London, page 224:

Greek has the following parts of speech: substantives, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and particles. In this Grammar noun is used to include both the substantive and the adjective.

1956, Herbert Weir Smyth, Gordon M. Messing, “189. Parts of Speech”, in Greek Grammar, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, page 44:

The Parts of Speech are the Noun (Substantive and Adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, and the Particles (Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction)[.]

1894, B. L. Gildersleeve, G. Lodge, Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar, Dover, published 2008, page 9:

The parts of which the sentence may consist are either inflected words: the noun (substantive and adjective) and the verb, the participle which shares the nature of both, and the pronoun; or uninflected words: prepositions, adverbs, and conjunctions.

1993, Arthur Anthony Macdonell, A Vedic Grammar For Students, 1st Indian edition, Delhi, page 283:

(grammar, now rare, loosely) Either a word that can be used to refer to a person, animal, place, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality or idea, or a word that modifies or describes a previous word or its referent; a substantive or adjective, sometimes also including other parts of speech such as numeral or pronoun.

Nouns are the data; verbs are the data transformations, and therefore verbs represent much of the complexity of systems.

1992, Brad A. Myers, David C. Smith, Bruce Horn, chapter 19, in Languages for Developing User Interfaces:

You choose either (1) the verb (change font) first and then select the noun (the paragraph) to which the verb should apply or (2) the noun first and then apply the verb.

2000, Jeff Raskin, The Humane Interface, page 59:

Thus, in essence, the mouse provides a capability for picking among a set of nouns (for instance, the file to which to apply some action) and verbs (such as "edit" or "insert")

2005, Barbara J. Grosz, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, volume 149, number 4:

(computing) An object within a user interface to which a certain action or transformation (i.e., verb) is applied.

From Middle English noun, from Anglo-Norman noun, non, nom, from Latin nōmen (“name; noun”). The grammatical sense in Latin was a semantic loan from Koine Greek ὄνομα (ónoma). Doublet of name and nomen.


noun

What is not clear is how the nouning of verbs supports Simon's assumed correspondence between mechanical designing and intentional human responses. Is it the very nouning of verbs which indicates that the above correspondence exists?

For example, that females are different from but equal to males is oxymoronic by virtue of the nouned status of female and male as kinds of persons.

1992, Lewis Acrelius Froman, Language and Power: Books III, IV, and V:

However, too much nouning makes you sound bureaucratic, immature, and verbally challenged. Top executives convert far fewer nouns into verbs than do workers at lower levels.

2000, Andrew J. DuBrin, The complete idiot's guide to leadership:

(transitive) To convert a word to a noun.

en-verb

noun (third-person singular simple present nouns, present participle nouning, simple past and past participle nouned)

nouns (present singular third-person)
nouning (participle present)
nouned (participle past)
nouned (past)


noun

third person singular possessive; his, hers, its (used with a special class of objects including living things)


noun

(grammar) noun (part of speech; a category of words including substantives or nouns in the strict sense and adjectives)

nounes (plural)
nown (alternative)
nowne (alternative)
noune (alternative)

English: noun

From Anglo-Norman noun, non, nom, from Latin nōmen, a semantic loan from Koine Greek ὄνομα (ónoma). Doublet of name.


noun

fro-noun

noun oblique singular, m (oblique plural nouns, nominative singular nouns, nominative plural noun)

noun oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
nouns (oblique plural)
nouns (nominative singular)
noun (nominative plural)


hour

I spent an hour at lunch.

During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant[…]

1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond:

It is never possible to settle down to the ordinary routine of life at sea until the screw begins to revolve. There is an hour or two, after the passengers have embarked, which is disquieting and fussy.

1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC:

[Isaac Newton] was obsessed with alchemy. He spent hours copying alchemical recipes and trying to replicate them in his laboratory. He believed that the Bible contained numerological codes. The truth is that Newton was very much a product of his time.

2014 June 21, “Magician’s brain”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8892:

(time) A unit of time of one twenty-fourth of a day (sixty minutes).

From childhood's hour I have not been / As others were; I have not seen / As others saw; I could not bring / My passions from a common spring.

c. 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Alone”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Now will be a good hour to show you Milly Erne's grave.

1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 3, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

The hour grows late and I must go home.

By 1300 hours the position was fairly clear.

2000, T. C. G. James, edited by Sebastian Cox, The Battle of Britain, →ISBN:

(military, in the plural) Used after a two-digit hour and a two-digit minute to indicate time.

I asked my manager for more hours.

The shop wasn't giving me enough hours so I started searching for a second job.

(chiefly in the plural) The amount of labor demanded by an employer in terms of time.

(Christianity, in the plural) The set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.

This place is an hour away from where I live.

(chiefly US) A distance that can be traveled in one hour.

hours (plural)
hower (alternative)
houre (alternative)
howre (alternative)

stound

period of sixty minutes, a season or moment

the darkest hour is always just before the dawn

the darkest hour is just before the dawn

Bislama: aua

Tok Pisin: aua

→ Hausa: awa

點 /点

unit to denote the hour, such as military usage in English

From Middle English houre, hour, oure, from Anglo-Norman houre, from Old French houre, (h)ore, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “any time or period, whether of the year, month, or day”), from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥ (“year, season”). Akin to Old English ġēar (“year”). Doublet of hora and year.
Partly displaced native Old English tīd (“time, hour”), whence Modern English tide.


alphabetical

Paul, who talks about what the magical papyri do, has in his first letter to the Corinthians described basic aspects of alphabetical language.

1986, Arthur Hilary Armstrong, A. A. Armstrong, Classical Mediterranean Spirituality: Egyptian, Greek, Roman, page 486:

Pertaining to, furnished with, or expressed by letters of the alphabet.

All names were placed into an alphabetical list.

According to the sequence of the letters of the alphabet.

But if an alphabeticall servility must be still urged, it may so fall out,

1644, John Milton, The Doctrine & Discipline of Divorce, page 31:

أَلِفْبَائِيّ

in the sequence of the letters of the alphabet

[ˌælfəˈbɛɾɪkəl]

From Latin alphabēticus + -al. By surface analysis, alphabet + -ical.


alphabetical

We used to publish two, or sometimes three, alphabeticals a year and I am proposing to resume the same sort of frequency.

2015 March 13, Hugh Stephenson, “A to Z”, in The Guardian:

alphabetical jigsaw
alphabetical jigsaw#English

(crosswording) Short for alphabetical jigsaw.

[ˌælfəˈbɛɾɪkəl]


freedom of speech

S. Iohn the Baptiste, who died for the lyke liberty and fredome of speache, as S. Quillian, and S. Lamberte did.

1567, Thomas Stapleton, A Counterblast to M. Hornes Vayne Blaste against M. Fekenham: Wherein is Set Forthe: A Ful Reply to M. Hornes Answer, and to Euery Part therof Made, against the Declaration of my L. Abbat of Westminster, M. Fekenham, Touching, the Othe of the Supremacy. By Perusing vvhereof shall Appeare, besides the Holy Scriptures, as it vvere a Chronicle of the Continual Practise of Christes Churche in Al Ages and Countries, fro[m] the Time of Constantin the Great, vntil our Daies: Prouing the Popes and Bishops Supremacy in Ecclesiastical Causes: And Disprouing the Princes Supremacy in the Same Causes, Leuven: Apud Ioannem Foulerum, →OCLC, book III, chapter xxi, folio 308 (verso):

That the Freedome of Speech and Debates or Proceedings in Parlyament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any Court or Place out of Parlyament.

1689 December 16, Bill of Rights (1688 chapter 2, 1 William and Mary, Session 2), Legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives:

All Miniſters, therefore, who were Oppreſſors, or intended to be Oppreſſors, have been loud in their Complaints againſt Freedom of Speech, and the Licence of the Preſs; and always reſtrained, or endeavored to reſtrain both, in conſequence of this, they have browbeaten Writers, and puniſhed them violently, and againſt Law, and burnt their Works; by all which, they ſhewed how much Truth alarmed them, and how much they were at Enmity with Truth.

1720 February 4, John Trenchard; Thomas Gordon, “Of Freedom of Speech, that the Same is Inseparable from Publick Liberty” [letter no. 15], in Collection of Cato's Political Letters in the London Journal …, London: Printed for J. Roberts, OCLC 42689852; republished in A[bel] Boyer, editor, The Political State of Great Britain, volume XXI, London: Printed for the author, February 1721, OCLC 181370424, page 147

The freedom of speech and of the press which are secured by the First Amendment against abridgment by the United States are among the fundamental personal rights and liberties which are secured to all persons by the Fourteenth Amendment against abridgment by a state. The safeguarding of these rights to the ends that men may speak as they think on matters vital to them and that falsehoods may be exposed through the processes of education and discussion is essential to free government. Those who won our independence had confidence in the power of free and fearless reasoning and communication of ideas to discover and spread political and economic truth. […] Abridgment of freedom of speech and of the press, however, impairs those opportunities for public education that are essential to effective exercise of the power of correcting error through the processes of popular government.

1940 April 22, Associate Justice Frank Murphy (Supreme Court of the United States), Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U.S. 88, page 95

First Amendment rights, applied in light of the special characteristics of the school environment, are available to teachers and students. It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.

1969 February 24, Associate Justice Abe Fortas (Supreme Court of the United States), Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503, page 506

Cyberspace may give freedom of speech more muscle than the First Amendment does. It may already have become literally impossible for a government to shut people up.

1994, Mike Godwin, “Pamphleteering in the Electronic Era: Hacking out a Digitized Proclamation of Rights”, in U.S. News & World Report, volume 116, Washington, D.C.: U.S. News & World Report, Inc., ISSN 0041-5537, OCLC 424029014, page 55; quoted in David L. Green, editor, i-Quote: Brilliance and Banter from the Internet Age, Guildford, Conn.: Lyons Press, 2007, ISBN 978-1-59921-150-3, page 113

One question that remains is at what point an individual Net poster has the right to assume prerogatives that have traditionally been only the province of journalists and news-gathering organizations. When the Pentagon Papers landed on the doorstep of The New York Times, the newspaper was able to publish under the First Amendment's guarantees of freedom of speech, and to make a strong argument in court that publication was in the public interest. […] [T]he amplification inherent in the combination of the Net's high-speed communications and the size of the available population has greatly changed the balance of power.

1997, Wendy M. Grossman, Net.wars, New York, N.Y.: New York University Press, →ISBN, page 90:

The term free speech, which appears in this book's subtitle as well as in its text, is used more or less interchangeably with freedom of the press, freedom of speech, and freedom of expression to refer to all of the expressive rights guaranteed by the forty-five words of the First Amendment, as interpreted by the U.S. courts.

2003, Mike Godwin, “A New Frontier for Free Speech and Society”, in Cyber Rights: Defending Free Speech in the Digital Age, revised and updated edition, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 2:

“Of course, I know there might be limits to freedom of speech, but overall I don’t think being absorbed by China would be that bad,” said Mr. Hsieh, a poet who works at a cafe in New Taipei City.

2022 March 1, Amy Qin, Amy Chang Chien, “Watching the War in Ukraine, Taiwanese Draw Lessons in Self-Reliance”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-01, Russia-Ukraine War:

The right of citizens to speak, or otherwise communicate, without fear of harm or prosecution.

[…] For to him that opens himſelf, Men will hardly ſhew themselves averſe, but will (fair) let him go on, and turn their freedom of ſpeech to freedom of thought. And therefore it is a good ſhrewd Proverb of the Spaniard, Tell a lye, and find a Troth; as if there were no way of diſcovery, but by Simulation.

1625, Francis Bacon, “Of Simulation and Dissimulation”, in The Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral, of Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, Viscount St Alban. With a Table of the Colours of Good & Evil. Whereunto is Added The Wisdom of the Antients, Enlarged by the Honourable Author Himself; and now More Exactly Published, London: Printed by M[ary] Clark, for Samuel Mearne, in Little Britain, John Martyn, in St. Pauls Church-yard, and Henry Herringman, in the New Exchange, published 1680, →OCLC, page 20:

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see freedom, speech.

The concept and the term are ancient; Athens’ democratic ideology of free speech (παρρησία (parrhēsía)) is thought to have emerged in the 5th or 6th century B.C.E. The first occurrence of the phrase freedom of speech recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary dates to 1567, and it also appears in the English Bill of Rights, among other works: see the quotations.


minute

You have twenty minutes to complete the test.

A unit of time which is one sixtieth of an hour (sixty seconds).

Wait a minute, I’m not ready yet!

(informal) A short but unspecified time period.

We need to be sure these maps are accurate to within one minute of arc.

A unit of angle equal to one-sixtieth of a degree.

Let’s look at the minutes of last week’s meeting.

The Clerk or 'recording Clerk' drafts a minute and then, or at a later time, reads it to the Meeting. Subsequent contributions are on the wording of the minute only, until it can be accepted by the Meeting. Once the minute is accepted, the Meeting moves on to the next item on the agenda.

2008, Pink Dandelion, The Quakers: A Very Short Introduction, page 52:

(chiefly in the plural, minutes) A (usually formal) written record of a meeting or a part of a meeting.

If you buy this model, you’ll get 100 free minutes.

A unit of purchase on a telephone or other similar network, especially a cell phone network, roughly equivalent in gross form to sixty seconds' use of the network.

Tell her, that I some Certainty may bring; / I go this minute to attend the king.

[…]according to the Prophecies of him, which were so clear and descended to minutes and circumstances of his passion

1660, Jeremy Taylor, “Of the Probable or Thinking Conscience.”, in Ductor Dubitantium, or, The Rule of Conscience in all her Generall Measures Serving as a Great Instrument for the Determination of Cases of Conscience, volume 1:

(obsolete) A very small part of anything, or anything very small; a jot; a whit.

(architecture) A fixed part of a module.

Oh, I ain't heard that song in a minute!

“Man, I haven’t seen you in a minute,” he says, smiling still. “Maybe like two, three years ago?”

2010, Kenneth Ring, Letters from Palestine, page 18:

I seen Too$hort up there. Me and $hort ain't talked in a minute.

RON:I remember my first. I was a minute younger than you. […]I remember thinking, saying to myself..."This is the first time I'm eating as a person who killed someone."

2016 November 8, Ben Katai, Josh Corbin, Sharon Lennon, directed by Ben Katai, StartUp(Recapitalization) (StartUp (TV series)), season 1, episode 10 (TV), spoken by Ronald Dacey (Edi Gathegi):

(slang, US, Canada, dialectal) A while or a long unspecified period of time.

Tok Pisin: minit

→ Baluchi: منٹ (minaṭṭ)

→ Bengali: মিনিট (miniṭ)

→ Burmese: မိနစ် (mi.nac)

→ Central Dusun: minit

→ Chichewa: miniti

→ Fiji Hindi: minit

→ Fijian: miniti

→ Gujarati: મિનિટ (miniṭ)

→ Hausa: minti

→ Hindi: मिनट (minaṭ)

→ Indonesian: menit

→ Malay: minit

→ Malayalam: മിനിറ്റ് (miniṟṟŭ)

→ Maori: miniti

→ Marathi: मिनिट (miniṭ)

→ Nepali: मिनेट (mineṭ)

→ Odia: ମିନଟ (minaṭa)

→ Pashto: منټ (minëṭ)

→ Punjabi: ਮਿਨਟ (minaṭ)

→ Sinhalese: මිනිත්තුව (minittuwa)

→ Urdu: مِنَٹ (minaṭ)

րոպե

unit of angular measure — see also minute of angle

From Middle English mynute, minute, mynet, from Old French minute, from Medieval Latin minūta (“60th of an hour; note”). Doublet of menu and menudo.


minute

I’ll minute this evening’s meeting.

I dare say there was a vast amount of minuting, memoranduming, and despatch-boxing, on this mighty subject.

1870 [1855 June 27], Charles Dickens, “Administrative Reform”, in Speeches Literary and Social, page 133:

On 17 November 1949 Jay minuted Cripps, arguing that trade liberalization on inessentials was socially regressive.

1995, Edmund Dell, The Schuman Plan and the British Abdication of Leadership in Europe:

The Commander-in-Chief of Bomber Command, Sir Richard Peirse, was sceptical of its findings, minuting, ‘I don’t think at this rate we could have hoped to produce the damage which is known to have been achieved.’

1996, Peter Hinchliffe, The Other Battle:

Mr. Klingstadt, chief Auditor of the Admiralty of that city, sent for and examined them very particularly concerning the events which had befallen them; minuting down their answers in writing, with an intention of publishing himself an account of their extraordinary adventures.

2003, David Roberts, Four Against the Arctic:

(transitive) Of an event, to write in a memo or the minutes of a meeting.

The Empress of Russia, with her own hand, minuted an edict for universal tolerance.

1876 [1834], George Bancroft, History of the United States from the discovery of the American continent, volume VI, pages 28–29:

To set down a short sketch or note of; to jot down; to make a minute or a brief summary of.

en-verb

minute (third-person singular simple present minutes, present participle minuting, simple past and past participle minuted)

minutes (present singular third-person)
minuting (participle present)
minuted (participle past)
minuted (past)

luonnostella

to set down a short sketch or note of; to make a brief summary of


minute

They found only minute quantities of chemical residue on his clothing.

The lawyer gave the witness a minute examination.

The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.

2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:

Very careful and exact, giving small details.

en-adj

minute (comparative minuter or more minute, superlative minutest or most minute)

minuter (comparative)
more minute (comparative)
minutest (superlative)
most minute (superlative)

մանրամասն

very careful and exact, giving small details

Borrowed from Latin minūtus (“small", "petty”), perfect passive participle of minuō (“make smaller”).


minute

[...] kaj de nun ni pri ĉiuj minute kreskantaj projektoj absolute silentados.

1929, L. L. Zamenhof, edited by Johannes Dietterle, Originala Verkaro [Original Oeuvre]:

and from now on we will be completely silent about all the briefly growing projects.

Lasting for a very short period; briefly, momentarily


minute

minute (etymology 1, time unit, all same senses)

→ Farefare: miniti

Haitian Creole: minit

→ Romanian: minut

Inherited from Old French minute, borrowed from Latin minūta. Compare menu, an inherited doublet.


minute

first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive

inflection of minuter:
second-person singular imperative


minute

fro-noun

minute oblique singular, f (oblique plural minutes, nominative singular minute, nominative plural minutes)

minute oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
minutes (oblique plural)
minute (nominative singular)
minutes (nominative plural)

Middle French: minute

desctree

French: minute
→ Farefare: miniti
Haitian Creole: minit
→ Romanian: minut

→ Dutch: minuut
Afrikaans: minuut
→ Caribbean Javanese: menit
→ Papiamentu: minit, minüt, minuut
→ Trió: minut

Norman: minnute

Walloon: munute

→ Central Franconian: Menutt, Minutt

→ German: Minute, Minut
→ Czech: minuta
→ Estonian: minut

→ Lower Sorbian: minuta

→ Luxembourgish: Minutt

→ Middle English: mynute, minute, mynut, mynet, minut
English: minute
Tok Pisin: minit
Scots: meenit


minute

first/third-person singular present subjunctive

inflection of minutar:
third-person singular imperative


barter

We had no money so we had to live by barter.

Speculations in trade are not confined to the counter or to the counting-house. Lady Anne's fair hair and white teeth were as much objects of barter as any of the shawls or ribbons displayed in Bond Street. They were to be had in exchange for a suit of diamonds and an opera-box.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 11:

An exchange of goods or services without the use of money.

The man used his watch as barter to pay for his tab.

The goods or services used in such an exchange.

en-noun

barter (usually uncountable, plural barters)

Late Middle English, from Old French barater.


barter

She bartered a bonsai for one of the rare books in my library.

You may be able to barter for some of the items you need at the local market.

(ambitransitive) To exchange goods or services without involving money.

en-verb

barter (third-person singular simple present barters, present participle bartering, simple past and past participle bartered)

barters (present singular third-person)
bartering (participle present)
bartered (participle past)
bartered (past)


barter

barter (an exchange of goods or services without the use of money)

barter (the goods or services used in such an exchange)

id-noun

barter (countable and uncountable, plural barter-barter)


barter

head

bartêr (active membarter, passive dibarter)

bartêr (canonical)
membarter (active)
dibarter (passive)


barter

(business, trading) barter (exchange of goods or services without the use of money)

pl-noun

barter m inan (related adjective barterowy)

barterowy (adjective)
barter (nominative singular)
bartery (nominative plural)
barteru (genitive singular)
barterów (genitive plural)
barterowi (dative singular)
barterom (dative plural)
barter (accusative singular)
bartery (accusative plural)
barterem (instrumental singular)
barterami (instrumental plural)
barterze (locative singular)
barterach (locative plural)
barterze (singular vocative)
bartery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English barter, from Middle English, from Old French barater.


etymology

(uncountable, linguistics) The scientific study of the origin and evolution of a word's semantic meaning across time, including its constituent morphemes and phonemes.

Although written the same, the words lead (the metal) and lead (the verb) have totally different etymologies.

The etymology of the term Japlish is disputed and contentiously so.

2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 13:

en:entire catalogue of meanings in the history of a word

(countable) The entire catalogue of meanings that a word, morpheme, or sign has carried throughout its history.

Where did this name Harlequin (or Arlechin) come from? Most etymologies for the name give the Hellequin theory.

2023 July 2, Talia Felix, “Homing in on Harlequin”, in Online Etymology Dictionary:

en:an account of the origin and development of a word

(countable) An account of the origin and historical development of a word as presented in a dictionary or the like.

I'm sure you know the etymology of your name, Goodspeed.

(countable) The direct origin of a name, as in who someone was named after.

en-noun

etymology (countable and uncountable, plural etymologies)

etimologie

study of the historical development of languages, particularly of individual words

إِشْتِقَاق

/ˌɛtɪˈmɒləd͡ʒi/

/ˌɛtəˈmɒləd͡ʒi/

[ˌɛɾəˈmɒləd͡ʒi]

/ˌɛtəˈmɑləd͡ʒi/

[ˌɛɾəˈmɑləd͡ʒi]

[ˌeɾəˈmɔləd͡ʒi]

[ˌeʈɪˈmɔləd͡ʒi]

From Middle English ethymologie, from Old French ethimologie, from Latin etymologia, from Ancient Greek ἐτυμολογία (etumología), from ἔτυμον (étumon, “true sense”) and -λογία (-logía, “study or logic of”), from λόγος (lógos, “word; explanation”).


swap

In an effort to provide more permanent accommodations, employers may offer employees the opportunity either to swap jobs with a colleague or to transfer to a new position.

1998, Michael Wolf with Bruce Friedman and Daniel Sutherland, Religion in the workplace, page 98:

Chief watched these goings-on without pleasure, and waved them off in disgust when the smarmiest of the two suggested he might wish to swap that elk's tooth for this jug of fine rye whiskey.

2007, Lloyd Zimpel, A Season of Fire and Ice:

The Shah wanted to swap oil for more arms.

2011, Andrew Scott Cooper, The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, page 253:

(transitive) To exchange or give (something) in an exchange (for something else).

And he whipped his sword out of its scabbard, and swapped off the pudding from the black knight's nose. Unfortunately (for him) he swapped off a good bit of the nose, too.

"Maybe Apes will grow honest, Sister," said Edmund. "But, by the Lion, if he breaks it again, it may be in such time and place that any of us could swap off his head in clean battle."

1954, C. S. Lewis, The Horse and His Boy:

(transitive, obsolete) To hit, to strike.

(transitive, obsolete) To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or noise; to flap.

(intransitive, obsolete) To descend or fall; to rush hastily or violently.

en-verb

swap (third-person singular simple present swaps, present participle swapping, simple past and past participle swapped)

swaps (present singular third-person)
swapping (participle present)
swapped (participle past)
swapped (past)
swop (alternative)

interchange

exchange or give (something) in exchange for

From Middle English swappen (“to swap”), originally meaning "to hurl" or "to strike", the word alludes to striking hands together when making an exchange; probably from Old English *swappian, a secondary form of Old English swāpan (“to swoop”). Cognate with German schwappen (“to slosh, slop”). Compare also Middle English swippen (“to strike, hit”), from Old English swipian (“to scourge, strike, beat, lash”), Old Norse svipa (“to swoop, flash, whip, look after, look around”). More at swipe.