launch/gov_report_qs · Datasets at Hugging Face

doc_id stringlengths 10 16	document_sections dict	question_summary_pairs dict
GAO_GAO-12-604	{ "title": [ "Background", "Polar Satellite Data and Products", "Overview of Initial NOAA and DOD Plans for Replacement Satellite Programs", "Agencies Transferred Responsibilities to Their Respective Programs, but NOAA’s Is Being Downsized, and DOD’s Has Been Terminated", "NOAA Established the JPS...	{ "question": [ "What did NOAA and DOD do following the disbanding of the NPOESS program in 2010?", "What specific actions did NOAA take to transfer responsibilities?", "What specific actions did DOD take to transfer responsibilities?", "How have recent events impacted DOD and NOAA's programs?", "...
GAO_GAO-13-174	{ "title": [ "Background", "Agencies Have Made Progress Implementing Key Requirements for Priority Goals, but Some Information Is Incomplete", "Agencies Have Implemented Several Requirements Related to Priority Goals", "Most Agencies Did Not State Whether Their Priority Goals Support Any CAP Goals", ...	{ "question": [ "What did GAO's review of APGs for 2012 to 2013 reveal?", "What requirements did agencies implement?", "What did agencies fail to fully explain?", "What does the act direct agencies to identify?", "How did agencies fail to meet this requirement?", "What does the act require reg...
GAO_GAO-12-843	{ "title": [ "Background", "Six Agencies Supported Sixty-Five Solar-Related Initiatives with a Variety of Key Characteristics", "Over Half of the Agencies’ Initiatives Exclusively Supported Solar Energy Technology", "Initiatives Are Fragmented across Agencies and Sometimes Overlap, but Agency Official...	{ "question": [ "What solar initiatives did federal agencies support?", "What characteristics did the initiatives exhibit?", "What did agency officials report regarding appropriations?", "What characteristics do the initiatives share?", "How do the initiatives differ?", "What did GAO discover ...
CRS_R42983	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Rationale for the Change in Law", "Policies for Access to Data from Federally Funded Research Other Than Provisions in Circular A-110", "The Freedom of Information Act and Its Exemptions", "Relevant State Laws", "OMB's Revision of Circular A-110", "React...	{ "question": [ "For what are scientific studies often used in government?", "What are the standards regarding the public availability of data?", "What did the Shelby Amendment mandate?", "What was OMB required to do in response to this?", "What changes have been made since the final revision was ...
GAO_GAO-15-236	{ "title": [ "Background", "FHWA Has Established Some Federal Vehicle Size and Weight Requirements, Oversees State Enforcement, and Provides Some Assistance to States", "FHWA Has Established Some Federal Size and Weight Requirements for Vehicles", "FHWA Oversees State Enforcement and Provides Some Ass...	{ "question": [ "What regulations has the FHWA established?", "What regulation does FHWA lack the authority to establish?", "What other activities does FHWA oversee?", "What are FHWA's limitations regarding state activities?", "What did GAO find when investigating size and weight requirements for ...
CRS_R41654	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Brief History of the Public Housing Program", "The Housing Act of 1937: The Beginning of Public Housing", "The Housing Act of 1949: Expansion and Ties to Urban Renewal", "1960s: New Forms of Assistance and the End of Legal Discrimination", "The 1970s and t...	{ "question": [ "How can public housing properties vary in layout?", "How has the number of public housing units changed since the 1990s?", "Where does funding for public housing properties come from?", "What appropriations have been given for public housing in recent years?", "What actions have b...
GAO_GAO-12-610	{ "title": [ "Background", "Routine Monitoring", "Site Visits", "Single Audits", "Restrictive Drawdown", "National Monitoring Standards for Grantee Monitoring of Service Providers", "Grantee Files", "HRSA Does Not Consistently Follow Guidance on Oversight of Grantees and Faces Other Ch...	{ "question": [ "In what ways does the HRSA fail to meet HHS regulations?", "In what ways did HRSA fail to provide consistent documentation?", "What is the purpose of routine monitoring?", "In what ways did HRSA fail to follow HHS guidelines when implementing restrictive drawdowns?", "What do rest...
GAO_GAO-17-25	{ "title": [ "Background", "AOC Jurisdictions, Offices, and Major Contracts Subject to OIG Oversight", "Statutory Requirements, Policies, and Resources Related to the AOC OIG’s Work", "Significant Statutory Requirements of the OIG", "AOC OIG Policies and Procedures", "Audit Policies and Proced...	{ "question": [ "How was the AOC OIG's audit planning limited?", "To what extent did the OIG use these CIGIE standards?", "What approach was taken in the place of the CIGIE standards?", "What results have come from this auditing system?", "How did shortcomings in the audit process affect the resul...
CRS_R44398	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "DFS Basics", "DFS Companies", "DFS and the Broader Gambling Industry", "Industry Positions on DFS Gaming", "Legal Status and Regulatory Environment", "Federal Laws Potentially Applicable to DFS", "Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act", "P...	{ "question": [ "What is the legal standing of DFS companies?", "To what extent are they regulated federally?", "How do state governments regulate them?", "What confusion exists around the UIGEA?", "How has the legality of the DFS industry been challenged?", "How does the legal status of DFS a...
GAO_GAO-13-687	{ "title": [ "Background", "Bi-State Tolling Authorities Have Broad Authority to Set and Use Tolls, and Tolling Decisions Are Primarily Influenced by Debt Rather Than Federal Toll Provisions", "Bi-State Tolling Authorities Have Broad Authority to Set Toll Rates and Use Toll Revenues", "Tolling Decisio...	{ "question": [ "What authority do bi-state tolling authorities possess?", "What factors affect how tolls are set?", "To what extent does the statute requiring tolls to be \"just and reasonable\" affect tolling decisions?", "What policies must bi-state tolling authorities follow regarding transparency...
GAO_GAO-13-740	{ "title": [ "Background", "Participants in MAP and FMD Have Remained Relatively Consistent in Recent Years", "Program Participants Have Conducted a Variety of Activities to Promote Their Products Overseas", "MAP and FMD Program Participants and Expenditures Remained Generally Consistent in Program Ye...	{ "question": [ "How do market development program participants attempt to raise awareness of U.S. agricultural products?", "What sort of activities are funded?", "How did market development program participants perform between 2007 and 2011?", "To what extent did MAP and FMD participants meet FAS con...
GAO_GAO-18-487	{ "title": [ "Background", "CBP’s Law Enforcement Positions", "CBP Staffing Levels for Law Enforcement Officer Positions", "CBP’s Hiring Process for Law Enforcement Officer Positions", "Financial Incentives and Other Human Capital Flexibilities Available to CBP", "CBP Has Enhanced Its Recruitm...	{ "question": [ "How has CBP increased emphasis on recruitment?", "How did these efforts affect the number of applications it received?", "How has CBP attempted to better target potential applicants?", "To what extent have these efforts been successful?", "What is the current state of CBP's effort...
CRS_R42389	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Contempt of Court", "Civil Contempt of Court", "Criminal Contempt of Court", "Supreme Court Case—Representation in Civil Cases", "Criminal Nonsupport", "State Actions", "Federal Criminal Penalties", "Implications", "Placin...	{ "question": [ "Why was CSE created?", "What is the premise of the CSE program?", "Where is the CSE program operated?", "What authority do state CSE programs have available?", "How may non-payment of support lead to criminal sanctions?", "How is contempt of court classified?", "How does c...
CRS_R43054	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background on SSDI", "Eligibility", "Benefits", "Determination and Adjudication Process", "Trends in the SSDI Program Since 1980", "Enrollment", "Termination", "Program Size", "Prevalence Rates", "Causes of the Growth in the SSDI Rolls"...	{ "question": [ "What is SSDI?", "What are SSDI benefits based on?", "How can individuals qualify?", "What disability eligibility restrictions exist?", "What accounts for the growth in individuals on SSDI?", "What do these demographic changes consist of?", "To what extent did non-demograph...
GAO_GAO-15-670	{ "title": [ "Background", "Making Home Affordable Programs", "Hardest Hit Fund Program", "FHA Short Refinance", "Treasury Continues Its Efforts to Reach More Borrowers and Address Interest Rate Increases", "Treasury Has Disbursed More Than 40 Percent of Allocated TARP Housing Funds", "Tre...	{ "question": [ "What was Treasury's role in TARP?", "How did the number of new borrowers in HAMP change?", "How has HAMP Tier 1 activity changed?", "How has HAMP Tier 2 activity changed?", "How does Treasury plan on expanding the program participant base?", "To what extent did Treasury assess...
GAO_GAO-15-684	{ "title": [ "Background", "Role and Evolution of State’s Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism", "Role and Evolution of State’s Bureau of Counterterrorism", "CT Bureau Programs and Activities", "CT Bureau Organizational Structure", "CT Bureau Funding Allocations", "CT Bureau’s Au...	{ "question": [ "How has the number of FTE positions at the Bureau of Counterterrorism changed since FY2011?", "How did the number of authorized FTEs change between FY2011 and FY2015?", "How were these vacancies distributed?", "Why were some vacancies left unaddressed?", "What progress has been ma...
GAO_GAO-15-201	{ "title": [ "Background", "CBP and ICE Roles and Responsibilities", "Overview of Land Mobile Radio Networks and Infrastructure", "Land Mobile Radio System Requirements and Mandates", "Overview of DHS Border Security and Immigration TACCOM Programs", "DHS Components Have Taken Steps to Upgrade...	{ "question": [ "How DHS, CBP, and ICE addressed radio interoperability?", "What modernization efforts has CBP completed?", "To what extent will CBP assess the effectiveness of the new systems?", "How will the lack of a plan affect CBP?", "What is the status of ICE's modernization efforts?", "...
CRS_R44389	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Current Number of General and Flag Officers", "Responsibilities of General and Flag Officer Positions", "Historical Changes in General and Flag Officer Levels", "Criticisms of the Increasing Proportion of GFOs", "Justifications for Increasing Proportion of G...	{ "question": [ "What laws has Congress enacted regarding the Armed Forces?", "How do these laws address general and flag officers?", "How does Congress maintain these laws?", "What areas of congressional interest exist regarding GFOs?", "What is RMC?", "How widely do GFO compensations vary?",...
GAO_GAO-16-117	{ "title": [ "Background", "TSA Acquires Security- Related Technologies to Screen Passengers and Baggage for Threats", "DHS Acquisition Process", "TSA Test and Evaluation Process", "DHS and TSA Partner with Industry to Develop and Deploy Screening Technologies in a Dynamic Threat Environment", ...	{ "question": [ "To what extent has the TSA evaluated potential screening technologies?", "What is the purpose of the testing process?", "What resulted from the testing process between 2010 and 2015?", "What happened to programs that failed the testing process?", "How has the testing process been ...
CRS_R45178	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction1", "AI Terminology and Background5", "Issues for Congress", "AI Applications for Defense", "Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance", "Logistics", "Cyberspace Operations", "Information Operations and \"Deep Fakes\"66", "Command and Control"...	{ "question": [ "How does the DOD hope to utilize AI applications?", "In what fields is the bulk of AI research being done?", "Where is AI already in use for military purposes?", "How can Congress's involvement shape AI's future?", "Why does AI present a challenge for military intergration?", ...
CRS_R42623	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Executive Compensation", "USPS Executive Pay and the 112th Congress", "Comparisons to the Public and Private Sector", "The Private Sector", "The Public Sector", "Concluding Observations" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "The U.S. Postal Service (USPS...	{ "question": [ "What is the size of USPS's workforce?", "What contingency do PCES make up within that workforce?", "How are the PCES employees divided?", "How do executives' duties differ from officers' duties?", "How are PCES employees paid?", "What is the pay cap?", "How can a Postal Ex...
CRS_R41042	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Legislative History", "The HSUF Proposal", "Trading Partner Objections", "Overview of Dredging Operations", "Container Ships, the Panama Canal, and Dredging Needs", "HMTF Revenues", "HMT Revenue Generated by Port", "HMT Revenu...	{ "question": [ "Why did the Congress enact the HMT?", "O&M costs come mostly from what?", "Where is the tax directed?", "At what rate is the tax assessed?", "Where do the tax revenues go?", "What changed in 1998 regarding the HMT?", "How well are the busiest harbors maintained?", "Wha...
CRS_R42336	{ "title": [ "", "Recent Developments", "Introduction", "Post-9/11 Reforms and Modified NICS Procedures", "NICS Procedures", "HSPD-6 and Terrorist Watchlists", "DOJ-FBI Modified NICS Procedures (February 2004)", "GAO Report Recommendations (January 2005)", "Possible Issues Raised b...	{ "question": [ "What could account for renewed interest in terrorist watchlist screening?", "What was a consequence of this?", "What took place in the aftermath of the bombing?", "What is ATF doing regarding the weapon used in this crime?", "Why is the acquisition of the gun significant?", "W...
CRS_R42483	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "State Redistricting and the Best Available Data", "Adjustments to Census Data", "Departures from Use of Total Population Figures", "Use of Official Census Data", "Sampling and Estimation Adjustment", "Counting of Overseas Citizens", "Additional Readi...	{ "question": [ "What does this report concern?", "How is state representation in federal government impacted by the census?", "How can census data be involved in intrastate redistricting?", "What states receive census data?", "What entity is responsible for the census?", "What kinds of adjust...
GAO_GAO-18-180	{ "title": [ "Background", "TSA Roles and Responsibilities", "TSA Surface Security Budget and Regulations", "TSA Organizational Structure for Managing Its Surface Inspectors", "TSA Risk-Based Security for Surface Transportation", "Surface Inspectors Conduct Regulatory Inspections and Voluntary...	{ "question": [ "What did GAO find about TSA inspector activities?", "What anecdote backs up this finding?", "Why should TSA incorporate the results of risk assessments when prioritizing activities?", "What is the focus of RMAST?", "At present, what makes it difficult to enact RMAST?", "Why ha...
GAO_GAO-13-221	{ "title": [ "Background", "Distribution Network for Natural Gas Pipelines", "Federal Environmental Laws That May Be Involved in the Pipeline Permitting Process", "Stakeholders That May Be Involved in the Pipeline Permitting Process", "The Interstate and Intrastate Pipeline Permitting Processes Ca...	{ "question": [ "What groups can be involved with interstate and intrastate natural gas pipeline processes?", "How do the phases within the interstate process work?", "How is FERC involved in this process?", "How does the intrastate process differ from the interstate process?", "How do states vary...
GAO_GAO-13-296	{ "title": [ "Background", "Uses of the NCIPP List", "DHS Has Made Changes to NCIPP List Criteria, but Has Not Identified the Impact of These Changes or Validated Its Approach", "DHS Made Several Changes to the List Criteria and Format", "DHS Has Not Identified the Impact of Changes in Criteria on...	{ "question": [ "What is the current status of DHS's attempt to change its criteria for including assets on NCIPP?", "How were the criteria altered?", "How has the changing of criteria altered the NCIPP list?", "To what extent has DHS reviewed these changes?", "What are the possible implications o...
GAO_GAO-19-117	{ "title": [ "Background", "CHIP-IN Act", "Omaha Project", "Pilot Program", "VA Has Not Yet Established a Framework for Effective Pilot Design for the CHIP-IN Pilot Program", "VA Has Not Established Clear Objectives", "VA Has Not Developed and Documented an Assessment Methodology or Evalua...	{ "question": [ "How will CHIP-IN help the VA?", "What obstacles remain for successfully implementing this pilot program?", "Which leading practice has VA begun to implement?", "What particular measures are lackign for CHIP-IN?", "Why would an assessment methodology help this project?", "How d...
GAO_GAO-13-189	{ "title": [ "Background", "Types of Renewable Energy and Technologies Used for Development", "Agency Permitting Processes for Renewable Energy Development", "BLM Has Received Hundreds of Permit Applications since EPAct 2005 and Authorized 25 Projects", "Since 2005, BLM Received 416 Wind and Solar...	{ "question": [ "How has BLM responded to the Energy Policy Act of 2005?", "What was the fate of these authorized projects?", "What is the average time frame from submitting an application to approval of the project?", "What is the energy implication of the authorized projects?", "What have federa...
GAO_GAO-16-515	{ "title": [ "Background", "Authorizations to Use NCIC and NamUs Differ so the Data in Each Remains Separated", "Opportunities Exist to More Efficiently Share Missing and Unidentified Persons Information in NCIC and NamUs", "Conclusions", "Recommendation for Executive Action", "Agency Comments...	{ "question": [ "What is the difference between the NamUs database and the NCIC database?", "What is the implication of this difference?", "What do the NCIC and NamUs databases concern?", "How do case numbers differ across the two databases?", "How else do the two databases differ?", "What are...
CRS_R43070	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Ammonium Nitrate", "Regulation by Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives", "Regulation by Department of Homeland Security", "Maritime Transportation Security Act", "Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards", "Ammonium Nitrate Proposed Ru...	{ "question": [ "What is the policy interest regarding the West Fertilizer Company?", "How is ammonium nitrate used in agriculture?", "In what situation ammonium nitrate become hazardous?", "What is one example of such an event?", "How has ammonium nitrate been used as a weapon?", "How did the...
GAO_GAO-18-147	{ "title": [ "Background", "BOP’s Organization and Workforce", "Federal Laws and Regulations Related to Retention Incentives", "BOP’s Retention Incentive Program", "Other Compensation- Based Human Capital Flexibilities", "BOP Increased Its Use of Retention Incentives and Used Them Primarily to...	{ "question": [ "How did BOP's retention incentive expenditures change from 2012 to 2016?", "What groups were targeted in this expenditure increase?", "Why are retention efforts especially important for medical professionals?", "What is the current status of is BOP's plans regarding retention incentiv...
CRS_RL33028	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "How the Social Security Program Is Financed", "The Social Security Trust Funds as Designated Accounts", "Social Security Trust Fund Revenues", "Social Security Trust Fund Costs", "Social Security Trust Fund Operations", "Investment of the Social Securi...	{ "question": [ "How does the Social Security program support the families of deceased and disabled workers?", "How are these cash benefits accounted for?", "How are these funds projected to behave in the future?", "How do the OASI and DI Trust Funds interact?", "Under which circumstances has Cong...
GAO_GAO-17-573	{ "title": [ "Background", "The Federal Rule-making Process", "Reporting Lines for Field Staff Who Implement Government Contracting and Business Development Programs Vary", "SBA Has Made Improvements to Its Certification Processes, but Some Weaknesses Remain", "HUBZone Program", "8(a) Business...	{ "question": [ "What is the OGCBD responsible for?", "What is the relationship between field staff and SBA headquarters?", "How is this reporting structure beneficial?", "What issues does this reporting structure have?", "What steps have OGCBD staff taken to amend these issues?", "What steps ...
CRS_RL31953	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Defining Spam", "Avoiding and Reporting Spam", "Foreign Spam", "The Federal CAN-SPAM Act: Summary of Major Provisions", "Opt-In, Opt-Out, and a \"Do Not Email\" Registry", "CAN-SPAM Act Provision", "FTC Implementation", "Labels", "CAN-SPAM ...	{ "question": [ "What is spam?", "What issues might spam cause?", "How do proponents of UCE defend it?", "What actions did President Bush take against unsolicited commercial emails?", "How does this Act control the flow of spam?", "How does the Act avoid mandating a Do Not Email registry?", ...
GAO_GAO-14-27	{ "title": [ "Background", "DHS Organization and Missions", "Financial Systems", "DHS Components Define M&A Activities Differently and Can Identify M&A Spending, but Limitations Exist in Obtaining Data from Fiscal Years 1999 through 2013", "DHS Components Define M&A Activities Differently and Can ...	{ "question": [ "What challenges exist in analyzing the spending data of DHS?", "What do officials from the first four components define M&A activities as?", "How does this differ from the opinions of officials in the last four components?", "How accessible is M&A spending data to the eight components...
CRS_RL33944	{ "title": [ "", "Trade Concepts1", "The Basics of Trade", "Trade and Jobs", "Economic Globalization", "U.S. Trade Performance16", "The U.S. Role in the World Economy", "The U.S. Trade Deficit", "Understanding Data on U.S. Trade and the Economy", "U.S. Manufacturing and Service...	{ "question": [ "What role does Congress play in U.S. trade policy?", "What is an example of Congressional involvement in U.S. trade policy?", "What other global agreements has Congress shown an interest in?", "What topics are the subject of ongoing debates in Congress?", "What does this report pr...
GAO_GAO-17-67	{ "title": [ "Background", "SBA Disaster Loan Program", "Paperwork Reduction Act", "SBA Disaster Loan Application Forms", "SBA Generally Meets Paperwork Reduction Act Form Renewal Requirements through Its Clearance Process and Internal Controls", "SBA’s Form Renewal Process Generally Meets Pap...	{ "question": [ "How does the SBA reinforce compliance with the PRA?", "What steps does this process include?", "What steps has the SBA taken to improve this process?", "What is the SBA's record regarding the disaster business loan process?", "How do loan recipients typically access this materials...
CRS_R41848	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Changes Undertaken in Response to 9/11", "The Information Sharing Environment", "Limitations and Risks of Information Sharing", "Detroit Bomb Attempt", "Fort Hood Shooting", "WikiLeaks", "Conclusion" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "At the heart o...	{ "question": [ "How does classified information affect US security?", "What is considered a disclosure of classified intelligence?", "Why does classified information need to be accessible?", "How does this access relate to security?", "What kinds of changes were made for information sharing?", ...
CRS_R44000	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "U.S.-Turkey Relations", "Turkey's Strategic Orientation in Question", "U.S./NATO Cooperation with Turkey", "Overview", "F-35 Aircraft Acquisition Endangered by Possible S-400 Acquisition from Russia", "S-400 Deal and Implications for NATO", "Possib...	{ "question": [ "What characterizes Turkey's relationship to Western nations?", "Why does Turkey's need for domestic energy complicate this relationship?", "How do US interests in Turkey's actions complicate the two countries' relations?", "What other troubled relations does Turkey have?", "Why F-...
CRS_R44674	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Highway Trust Fund Financing Dilemma", "What Congress Faces", "The Underlying Problem: Spending Exceeds Revenues", "The Resulting Funding Shortfalls", "Existing Highway Fuel Taxes16", "How the Rates Have Been Raised Since 1983", "The \"Great Co...	{ "question": [ "How were federal surface transportation programs funded, historically?", "How have taxes changed since 1993?", "How had driving rates supplemented the lack of change in taxes?", "How does this compare to the current situation?", "How are future changes in the fuel economy likely t...
CRS_R42848	{ "title": [ "", "Latest Developments", "Policy Issues", "Brief History of the Chemical Weapons Program in Syria", "Current Chemical Weapons Program", "Syrian Statements on Chemical and Biological Weapons", "Chemical Weapons Security", "Chemical Weapons Use and Potential Responses", ...	{ "question": [ "How is Syria involved in chemical agent and precursors?", "What chemical agents does Syria possess?", "What is known about the stockpile?", "How is Syria receiving chemical precursors?", "How did the Chemical Weapons Convention affect chemical weapons?", "What countries are US...
CRS_R43410	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Types of Transportation Public-Private Partnerships", "Prominent Examples of Public-Private Partnerships", "Chicago Skyway", "Indiana Toll Road", "Northern Virginia I-495 HOT Lanes", "Las Vegas Monorail", "Missouri DOT Safe and So...	{ "question": [ "What is the relationship between private funding and surface transportation infrastructure?", "Why might private funding be undesirable?", "Why do P3s remain an open question?", "What issues do P3s raise?", "What does this report discuss?", "What would be the effect of the fir...
GAO_GAO-14-667	{ "title": [ "Background", "Location of Oil and Gas Development in the United States", "Oil and Gas Production", "Transportation Modes", "Department of Transportation", "Increased Oil and Gas Production Presents Challenges for Transportation Infrastructure That Could Pose Environmental and Saf...	{ "question": [ "Why does increased oil and gas production present challenges for transportation infrastructure?", "How has pipeline capacity affected oil transportation?", "Why are these changes in transportation a cause for concern?", "What is flaring?", "Why is flaring a cause for concern?", ...
GAO_GAO-13-353	{ "title": [ "Background", "The CFATS Rule and Process", "ISCD Has Assigned Thousands of Facilities to Tiers, but ISCD’s Approach to Risk Assessment Does Not Reflect All Risk Elements", "ISCD Has Tiered Thousands of High-Risk Chemical Facilities and Resolved Some Problems Using Its Risk Assessment App...	{ "question": [ "How does DHS assign risk-based tiers?", "How is ISCD's assignment approach flawed?", "What factors does the risk assessment approach neglect?", "How will ISCD review its risk assessment approach?", "How could an independent peer complement the ISCD's assessment approach?", "Ho...
GAO_GAO-12-441	{ "title": [ "Background", "Agencies Have Adopted Policies and Procedures, but Annual Reports Lack Some Required Information", "Interagency PSI Policies and Procedures Established", "Agencies Submitted Reports, but They Lacked Some Required Information", "Extent to Which Activities Meet PSI Object...	{ "question": [ "How have U.S. agencies established PSI policies and procedures?", "What documentation have the agencies produced?", "What PSI guidance have DOD and CBP developed?", "To what extent did the 2009-2011 reports met PSI requirments?", "To what extent have PSI activities achieved their ...
CRS_R43111	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Overview of Major Acquisition Systems", "Selected Topics", "Quality of Procurement Data", "System for Award Management (SAM)", "Access to and Comprehension of Procurement Information and Data", "Posting Contracts Online", "Digital Accountability an...	{ "question": [ "How has the role of technology in the acquisition process changed?", "Who benefits from this shift to online systems?", "How important are these online systems to the acquisition process?", "How do the online systems affect contractors?", "What questions have been raised about the...
GAO_GAO-19-561	{ "title": [ "Background", "Major Steps in Corps Water Resources Development Projects", "Corps Feasibility Studies", "Statutory Provisions for Accelerating Feasibility Studies", "The Corps Has Taken Steps to Address Some Feasibility Study Acceleration Provisions but Not Others", "The Corps Has...	{ "question": [ "How is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers addressing feasibility study acceleration provisions?", "How did the Corps implement a coordination provision?", "To what extent have the Corps implemented other provisions?", "How does the Corps plan on addressing these provisions?", "How w...
CRS_R43227	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Federal Funding for Climate Change", "Climate Change Initiatives", "The Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)", "Clean Energy Technologies", "International Assistance", "Climate Adaptation, Preparedness, and Resilience", "Principal Observations a...	{ "question": [ "How were climate change programs funded?", "What role did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 play in climate change program funding?", "What climate change funding was requested for FY2014?", "How would energy tax provisions affect tax revenues?", "How are federal ...
GAO_GAO-18-471	{ "title": [ "Background", "IRS Budget", "IRS Customer Service", "Systemic Verification", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "IRS Improved Customer Service, Managed Multiple Challenges Processing Returns, and Identified More Potential Fraud and Noncompliance Compared to Last Year", "Customer Service...	{ "question": [ "How did the IRS customer service change in 2018?", "How did IRS telephone and online services change?", "How does this compare to the 2015 filing season?", "What challenges still remain for IRS?", "What did GAO recommend regarding correspondence?", "How did tax law change in 2...
GAO_GAO-17-77	{ "title": [ "Background", "Four Factors Frame the Challenge Posed by Requirements, and Detailed Systems Engineering Is Key to Knowing Whether and How the Challenge Can Be Met", "Case Studies Illustrate the Relationship between Requirements Challenge, the Timing of Systems Engineering, and Program Outcome...	{ "question": [ "What challenges do a given weapon system's requirements pose?", "Why is systems engineering crucial to the success of a program?", "How does the timing of systems engineering negatively or positively impact a program?", "What is the advantage of utilizing preliminary designs?", "W...
GAO_GAO-17-657	{ "title": [ "Background", "Band Types and Structure", "Roles and Responsibilities of Organizations and Personnel Related to Military Bands", "All Military Services Have Reduced the Number of Bands and Band Personnel since 2012, but Total Operating Cost Trends Varied across the Services", "The Num...	{ "question": [ "To what extent have military services evaluated the missions of military bands?", "What metrics are missing from this approach?", "How has the military decided to improve how they track the efficacy of military bands?", "Why does GAO believe improving upon current methods for tracking...
CRS_R44201	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The U.S. Pipeline Network", "Safety in the Pipeline Industry", "Federal Agencies in Pipeline Safety", "Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration", "PHMSA Organization and Funding", "PHMSA's Regulatory Activities", "PHMSA Reauthorizatio...	{ "question": [ "Why has pipeline safety become a concern?", "Why is pipeline safety important?", "How is the federal pipeline safety program administered?", "What characterizes PHMSA's budget authority?", "Why does the agency face difficulty in retaining its staff?", "What are the implication...
CRS_RL32200	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Controlling and Gaining Time During General Debate and the Amendment Process", "General Debate", "Controlling Time as a Manager", "Gaining Recognition to Speak Under Controlled Time", "Yielding", "Debate During the Amendment Process", "Controlled T...	{ "question": [ "How is time during a debate controlled?", "How is time during an amendent process controlled?", "How might a Member limit the five minutes?", "How does offering \"pro forma amendments\" benefit a Member?", "Why would a Member make a point of order against a pending matter?", "...
GAO_GAO-13-759	{ "title": [ "Background", "Defaulted Loans to Franchisees of the Franchise Organization Resulted in $11 Million in Guarantee Payments, and Four Lenders Accounted for about 74 Percent of Defaulted Loans", "Alleged Loan Agent Fraud Could Not Be Conclusively Determined, and SBA Has Taken Initial Steps to En...	{ "question": [ "What did GAO determine about SBA's loans?", "To what extent did these loans default?", "How do guarantee payments on default loans affect the SBA?", "What did GAO determine about why these loans defaulted?", "What did GAO's assessment of SBA loans determine?", "What did GAO fi...
GAO_GAO-16-273	{ "title": [ "Background", "Unforeseen Site Conditions Are Common, but Impacts on Reviewed Projects Were Limited", "Both Industry Stakeholders and GSA Officials Told Us Unforeseen Site Conditions Are Common in Repair and Alteration Projects", "Most Projects We Reviewed Had Unforeseen Site Conditions, ...	{ "question": [ "How prevalent are unforeseen challenges in repair and alteration projects?", "How do these challenges affect projects?", "How large are the cost impacts of these challenges?", "How large is the schedule impact of these challenges?", "What are the causes of these unforeseen conditi...
CRS_R44496	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Terminology", "Original Appointments", "Statutory Authority", "Overview", "Considerations", "Assignment", "Statutory Authority", "Overview", "Considerations", "Promotion", "Statutory Authority", "Overview", "Grade Limitation...	{ "question": [ "What questions are currently being raised about officer personnel management policy?", "What is the focus of these questions?", "How does this affect any answers?", "How can more concrete answers be developed?", "Who governs military officer personnel management?", "What is th...
GAO_GAO-15-339	{ "title": [ "Background", "Directive Established Federal Records Management Requirements", "Agencies Took Actions in Response to the Directive but Did Not Fully Meet All Requirements", "All Agencies Designated a Senior Agency Official to Oversee Records Management Activities, but Not All Designated t...	{ "question": [ "Why were some requirements not fully met?", "What are examples of unmet requirements?", "By when will these agencies complete their training?", "What have OPM, OBM, and NARA done regarding oversight?", "What actions has OPM taken?", "What actions has OMB taken?", "What act...
GAO_GAO-13-314	{ "title": [ "Background", "Internal Control Standards", "Existing Internal Supervisory Control Framework Generally Reflects Accepted Standards of Internal Control", "Offices’ Work Processes Incorporate Internal Supervisory Controls Designed to Address Identified Risks", "Corporation Finance’s Int...	{ "question": [ "What did the SEC do to maintain internal supervisory control after 2010?", "What is internal supervisory?", "To what extent is the control framework consistent with federal standards?", "How did the offices ensure that they can consistently carry out their responsibilities?", "How...
GAO_GAO-12-241	{ "title": [ "Background", "Required Roles and Responsibilities for IT Investment Oversight", "OMB’s IT Oversight Mechanisms", "Agencies Spend Billions on Poorly Performing IT Investments", "Categorization of IT Investments Is Intended to Facilitate Identification of Similar IT Investments", "...	{ "question": [ "How effective are DOD and DOE investment review processes?", "How do these duplicates affect IT spending?", "What is an example of duplication?", "How prevalent is duplication at DHS?", "How has DHS improved its processes for identifying duplicative investments?", "How have DO...
CRS_R41542	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Development of Modern Campaign Finance Law", "Policy Background", "The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)", "The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) and Beyond", "Major Issues: What Has Changed Post-Citizens United and What Has Not", "What Has Chan...	{ "question": [ "How has campaign finance law changed in recent years?", "What was the effect of Citizens United?", "What was the effect of SpeechNov.org v. FEC?", "What changes have been made to campaign finance policy since these two rulings?", "How were these provisions enacted?", "To what ...
CRS_RL31832	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Evolution of the Export Administration Act", "Legislation", "107th Congress", "108th Congress", "109th Congress", "110th Congress", "111th Congress", "Enforcement", "Securing Exports Through Coordination and Technology Act", "Divers...	{ "question": [ "How does Congress delegate its regulatory authority over foreign commerce?", "What is the EAA?", "What powers does the EAA grant the President?", "What items are included on the CCL?", "What role does BIS play in regulating foreign commerce?", "What are the two main stances on...
CRS_RL33576	{ "title": [ "", "Most Recent Developments", "Public Law P.L. 110-5 (H.J.Res. 20) Enacted", "Senate Bill S. 3708 Reported", "House Bill H.R. 5647 Reported", "President's Budget Submitted", "Note on Most Recent Data", "Overview and Key Issues", "Program Level and Current Year Approp...	{ "question": [ "How do HHS discretionary appropriations compare from FY2006 to FY2007?", "How would Community Health Centers funding change?", "How would CHGME funding change?", "How would LIHEAP funding change?", "How would SSBG and CSBG funding change?", "How do ED discretionary appropriati...
GAO_GAO-12-355	{ "title": [ "Background", "Financial Incentive Programs", "Federal Fraud and Abuse Laws and Enforcement Mechanisms", "Anti-kickback Statute", "Advisory Opinion Authority", "Certain Financial Incentive Programs Are Permitted under Federal Fraud and Abuse Laws, Regulations, and Guidance, but St...	{ "question": [ "What are the Stark law and anti-kickback statue?", "What challenges do these laws introduce?", "What is the effect of the CMP law?", "To what extent does the CMP law include exceptions?", "How does OIG persecute violators of the CMP law?", "How may stakeholders' concerns affec...
CRS_RL33173	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Introduction to the Voucher Program5", "Effects on the Voucher Program", "Initial Guidance", "KDHAP and the Disaster Voucher Program", "Structure", "Families Homeless Prior to Hurricane Katrina", "Status", "Use of Existing Vouchers for Displace...	{ "question": [ "What impact did the voucher program have among affected families?", "What was HUD's focus after the storm?", "How did KDHAP affect HUD programs?", "How has KDHAP funding changed recently?", "How common was HUD assistance before the storm among displaced families?", "How did PH...
CRS_R45484	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "What is the Disaster Relief Fund and how is it used?", "What determines whether an incident qualifies as an emergency or disaster?", "Does all federally funded disaster relief come from the DRF?", "What federal government activities are funded under the DRF?",...	{ "question": [ "How long has the appropriation that feeds the DRF existed?", "How was it originally used?", "In what ways was the appropriation flexible?", "How was this a shift in policy?", "How did the government fund disaster responses prior to this shift?", "How has the appropriation to t...
GAO_GAO-18-70	{ "title": [ "Background", "Despite Challenges Converting State Data to the T-MSIS Format, Nearly All States are Reporting T-MSIS Data, and CMS Has Shifted Its Focus to Improving Data Quality", "Overall, 49 States Are Reporting T-MSIS Data; Selected States Identified Converting their Data into the T-MSIS ...	{ "question": [ "How had T-MSIS reporting volume changed as of November 2017 compared to one year earlier?", "What did states identify as their biggest challenge in their reporting efforts?", "What did states have to do to match the T-MSIS format?", "How were T-MSIS data reports in August 2017 inadequ...
CRS_R43013	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Administrative Procedure Act (APA)", "Remedies for Unreasonably Delayed Actions", "Compelling Actions Unreasonably Delayed with No Statutory Deadlines", "Delay in Adjudication Proceedings with No Statutory Deadline", "Delay in Rulemaking Proceedings with N...	{ "question": [ "What is a common concern about federal agencies?", "How do federal agencies justify delays?", "How do critics respond to such justifications?", "How do delays negatively impact agencies' regulatory process?", "How are such delays regulated in court?", "How do courts act in cas...
CRS_R44721	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Scope of the Report", "Brief General Background", "Why Status Might be Relevant for Congress", "Brief Political Status and Policy History", "Political Parties and Status", "Recent Policy and Political Developments Most Relevant for Congress", "The ...	{ "question": [ "What is an undercurrent in virtually every policy matter in Puerto Rico?", "What were the results of a June 2017 vote on political status?", "What was the turnout for this vote?", "Why was turnout so low?", "How was the ballot amended?", "What occurred in 2012?", "On that ...
CRS_R42339	{ "title": [ "", "Overview1", "Lebanon: Context and Recent Developments", "Government Collapse and New Pro-Syrian Cabinet", "Special Tribunal for Lebanon, Hezbollah, and Syria", "Syrian Unrest and Lebanese Political Dynamics", "Hezbollah and the March 8 Coalition", "The March 14 Coalit...	{ "question": [ "What have observers expressed concern about regarding Syrian instability?", "What is the relationship between Syria and Lebanon?", "How are Lebanon and Syria similar?", "How could continued unrest in Syria negatively affect Lebanon?", "How does Syria exercise influence in Lebanon?...
GAO_GAO-13-447	{ "title": [ "Background", "DOD’s Expeditionary Forensic Capabilities", "DOD Policy Governing Its Forensic Enterprise", "DOD Has Taken Steps to Establish an Enduring Expeditionary Forensic Capability, but Additional Actions Are Needed", "DOD Has Issued Guidance but Its Draft Strategic Plan Does No...	{ "question": [ "What steps has DOD taken to establish an enduring expeditionary forensic capability?", "What did this directive require?", "To what extent is this plan adequate?", "Why does GAO consider this plan inadequate?", "What did officials in the OUSD say in regards to creating a strategic...
CRS_R41912	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Energy Sector Lending at the World Bank", "Current Practices", "Critiques", "Developing Countries", "Developed Countries", "Environmental Groups", "The World Bank Group's \"Energy Sector Strategy\"", "Timeline for the Strategy", "Provisions...	{ "question": [ "How does worldwide electricity lack affect financial institutions?", "How might access to modern energy sources to such countries assist economic growth?", "How might access to modern energy sources to such countries create new issues?", "How has the WBG responded to these risks?", ...
GAO_GAO-18-219	{ "title": [ "Background", "Inter-American Organizations", "U.S. Contributions to Inter- American Organizations", "Organizations’ Oversight of Their Funds", "U.S. Agencies Oversee the Execution of Their Assistance Agreements", "The Strategic Goals of the Four Inter- American Organizations Are ...	{ "question": [ "What did GAO find regarding the alignment of strategic goals among agencies?", "How do the IICA and USDA demonstrate this?", "How do such agencies cooperate with each other?", "How do agencies align with U.S. strategic goals?", "What did GAO find?", "How was this demonstrated ...
CRS_RL34630	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Convention Financing: An Overview", "Federal Funds", "PECF Funds", "DOJ Funds", "Recent Federal Convention Funding", "Conditions on PECF Funds", "Conditions on Security Funds", "Nonfederal Funds", "Convention-Related Activities", "Secur...	{ "question": [ "What does this report provide?", "How did the 113th Congress address nonsecurity funding?", "What effect could other bills potentially have on financing?", "How did the 112th Congress address convention funding?", "What would an amendment to S. 3240 have done?", "What did S. 1...
GAO_GAO-16-61	{ "title": [ "Background", "Definition of Sexual Assault", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Its Sexual Violence Prevention Efforts", "DOD’s Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program", "DOD Entities with Key Roles and Responsibilities in the Prevention of Sexual Assault", ...	{ "question": [ "What characterizes the DOD sexual-violence prevention strategy?", "To what extent does the strategy deal with outcomes?", "What else does the CDC framework emphasize?", "In what way did DOD implement these ideas?", "What are the implications of these limitations?", "To what ex...
CRS_R42643	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "The Unemployment Insurance System", "Current Law—Individuals Must Receive UI Benefits Regardless of Individual or Household Income", "Distribution of Household Income and Unemployment Benefits", "Policy Considerations", "Potential Impact of Restricting UI Be...	{ "question": [ "What has Congress considered regarding high-income individuals?", "How is high income defined?", "What is an example of a step taken towards that goal?", "What was the result of that proposal?", "What other bills regarding unemployment were introduced in the 112th Congress?", ...
CRS_R43716	{ "title": [ "", "Basis for Asylum in International and U.S. Law", "Application of the INA's Definition of Refugee", "\"Persecution\"", "\"Well-Founded Fear\"", "\"On Account of\"", "Protected Grounds", "Evolution in the Construction of Particular Social Group", "Specific Social Gr...	{ "question": [ "What does the INA consider asylum conditions?", "How strong are those definitions?", "How were those definitions created?", "What is the process of gaining asylum eligibility?", "What is persecution defined as?", "What is the legal standard for persecution?", "How is \"rea...
GAO_GAO-16-102	{ "title": [ "Background", "Three Offices Have Responsibility for Audit Selection, but Automated Programs Select the Majority of Returns That W&I Audits", "Three W&I Offices Largely Determine What Returns Get Selected for Audit", "Automated System Led to the Most W&I Audit Selections", "Audit Star...	{ "question": [ "Who selects returns for audits?", "How are returns selected?", "How frequently are return criteria reviewed?", "What did GAO conclude about W&I?", "What procedures did GAO praise?", "What did GAO criticize?", "Why is it essential that W&I improve their standards?", "Wh...
CRS_R43873	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "A Brief Overview of Improper Payments and Overclaims", "Improper Payments and Administrative Costs of the EITC", "Tax Filer Errors that Lead to EITC Overclaims", "Qualifying Child Errors", "Study Results", "Challenges in Detecting and Reducing the Erro...	{ "question": [ "What do studies indicate about EITC payments?", "What numbers support that claim?", "How are mispayments categorized?", "What did the most recent IRS study conclude about this issue?", "What did the study find?", "What did the 2014 study find?", "What did the 2014 study om...
GAO_GAO-17-703	{ "title": [ "Background", "Security Cooperation and Assistance Programs", "The FMS and Pseudo- FMS Process", "DSCA Workload Measures", "Information Systems", "DOD Has Improved the Timeliness of the FMS Process but Has Not Met Its Goals or Sufficiently Analyzed Performance Data", "The Mili...	{ "question": [ "To what extent has DOD reached its goals regarding FMS requests?", "What is the first FMS metric?", "How close is this metric to DOD's goal?", "What is the second FMS metric?", "What is the third FMS metric?", "Why has DOD been unable to meet its goals?", "How does the FMS...
GAO_GAO-17-259	{ "title": [ "Background", "Overview of Credit Union and Deposit Insurance Markets", "American Share Insurance", "Federal Law and Regulation I", "FAST Act and Federal Home Loan Bank System", "Regulatory and Other Assessments Indicate ASI Has Had Adequate Reserves and Strong Claims- Paying Abil...	{ "question": [ "To what extent do credit unions have private deposit insurance?", "What have various assessments determine about ASI's coverage?", "What external factors might harm ASI's financial condition?", "How could ASI ensure credit flow in case of financial difficulties?", "To what extent ...
GAO_GAO-17-50	{ "title": [ "Background", "VHA Uses a Multi- Step Strategic Planning Process to Identify Strategic Goals and Objectives", "VISNs and VAMCs Are Responsible for Operationalizing VHA’s Strategic Goals and Objectives, but VHA Has Not Developed Adequate Strategies or an Effective Oversight Process to Ensure O...	{ "question": [ "What guidance has VHA given for VAMC's role in stragetic planning?", "How has VHA clarified the roles of VISN directors regarding operational plans?", "How has VHA helped the planning work of VISNs?", "To what extent has VHA developed strategies for operationalizing its strategic goal...
CRS_R43172	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "TVA's Mission", "TVA's Electric Power Program", "Existing Power Generation Capacity", "TVA Electricity Rates", "Technology Innovation", "Electric Power—An Industry in Transition", "TVA Planning for Change", "TVA's Regulatory Assets", "TVA's...	{ "question": [ "What authority does the TVA Act grant the TVA?", "How does the TVA use these abilities?", "To what extent has the TVA's statutory cap been reached?", "How are the TVA's debts guaranteed?", "What external changes impact the TVA?", "What factors affect the cost-efficiency of TVA...
CRS_R44632	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Sea-Level Rise Issues for Federal Policymakers", "Part I. What Is Sea-Level Rise?", "Global Sea Level", "Regional Variation in GSL", "Relative Sea Level", "Causes of Sea-Level Rise", "Global Sea-Level Rise", "Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Natura...	{ "question": [ "Why are policymakers interested in sea-level rise?", "How has the rate of sea-level rise changed in the past century?", "What are some ways the U.S. will be affected by continued sea-level rise?", "What states are particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels?", "What is the scale ...
GAO_GAO-15-530	{ "title": [ "Background", "Interoperability: An Overview", "DOD and VA Have a Long History of Efforts to Achieve Electronic Health Record Interoperability", "DOD and VA Committed to a Joint System to Address Common Business Needs", "Departments Return to Two- System Approach with a Need to Ensure...	{ "question": [ "What have DOD and VA been doing regarding their electronic health record systems?", "What near-term work have DOD and VA begun?", "What longer-term plans have they developed?", "How has the IPO been involved in this process?", "To what extent were DOD and VA successful in meeting ...
GAO_GAO-13-95	{ "title": [ "Background", "VA Has Made Changes to Improve Its Verification Program, but Continues to Face Challenges in Its Strategic Planning Efforts and Information Technology Infrastructure", "VA Has Adopted Changes to Improve Verification Operations and Address Some Identified Weaknesses and Concerns...	{ "question": [ "What is the current status of VA's verification processes?", "In response, what operational changes has the VA made?", "What problems exist in these changes?", "How is OSDBU working to improve the verification program?", "To what extent has OSDBU's work been successful?", "Wha...
CRS_R43164	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background on Federal Marijuana Policy", "Trends in States", "Decriminalization", "Medical Marijuana Exceptions", "Recreational Legalization", "Enforcement Priorities: A Focus on Traffickers", "Selected Counter-Drug Trafficking Efforts", "High ...	{ "question": [ "What does the Controlled Substances Act dictate regarding marijuana?", "How have states deviated from this prohibition?", "How has the discrepancy between federal and state marijuana laws increased in recent elections?", "What questions has this discrepancy provoked?", "How has fe...
GAO_GAO-16-250	{ "title": [ "Background", "CDR Process", "SSA Prioritizes CDRs Using Several Inputs but Does Not Fully Incorporate Potential Cost-Savings", "SSA Uses a Variety of Inputs, Including Legal Requirements and Statistical Models, to Prioritize CDRs", "SSA Tests the Accuracy of Its Models but Has Not Up...	{ "question": [ "What is a weakness regarding the SSA's decisions in selecting cases for CDR?", "How does the SSA determine which cases to select for CDR?", "What else do the statistical models determine?", "What problem exists with this process?", "To what extent does SSA consider cost savings?",...
GAO_GAO-15-80	{ "title": [ "Background", "The Attack History", "The FBI’s Genetic Analyses of the Attack Spores", "Verification and Validation", "Reviews of the Strength of the Scientific Evidence", "Genetic Tests Generally Were Verified and Validated but Lack of a Validation Framework Limited Statistical C...	{ "question": [ "What was determined about the FBI's tests after the 2001 Anthrax attacks?", "What shortcomings did GAO find in the FBI's approach?", "What was the result of this lack of comprehensiveness?", "What else did GAO find about the tests?", "How could the FBI better respond to future inc...
GAO_GAO-18-617	{ "title": [ "Background", "The Administration’s 2018 Plan Generally Addressed the Reporting Requirements but Did Not Identify Costs and Funding Needs", "Plan and Roadmap", "International Engagement Plan", "Research and Development Plan", "Interagency Engagement", "Conclusion", "Recomm...	{ "question": [ "What information was lacking in the NDAA's 2018 plan?", "What four requirements were expected in the President's plan?", "What group developed the plan?", "Why did NNSA officials say they did not include long-term costs and funding needs in the report?", "What is the problem with ...
CRS_R43389	{ "title": [ "", "Federal Debt Policy and the Debt Limit", "Current Situation", "Debt Limit Suspensions", "Extraordinary Measures and Debt Issuance Suspension Periods", "Timing Uncertainties", "Recent Increases in the Debt Limit", "The 2011 Debt Limit Episode", "The 2011 Debt Ceili...	{ "question": [ "What characterizes Congress' ability to borrow money?", "How does control of debt policy affect Congressional concerns over fiscal policies?", "Why have fiscal policy debates become more frequent in recent years?", "What were the causes of recent debt limit episodes?", "How was th...
GAO_GAO-13-762T	{ "title": [ "Background", "Economic Significance of Intellectual Property Protection and Theft", "Importance of IP Has Long Been Recognized in the United States", "The U.S. Economy May Experience Slower Growth Due to Lost Sales and Reduced Incentives to Innovate", "Quantifying Economic Impacts Is...	{ "question": [ "How important is IP in the U.S.?", "How do IP-related industries compare to others in terms of employee standards?", "How does ensuring IP protection benefit the public?", "How do counterfeiting and piracy affect the U.S.?", "How do such issues affect the private sector?", "Wh...
CRS_R44525	{ "title": [ "", "What Are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?", "Present", "How Profitable Are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?", "How Much Have the GSEs Paid to Treasury in Dividends?", "Has the Profit Sweep Increased the GSEs' Dividend Payments to Treasury?", "What Is Happening to Fannie Mae's and F...	{ "question": [ "What are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?", "What do Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac do?", "What role does the federal government have in MBSs?", "What was the financial condition of the GSEs in 2008?", "How did the federal government react to the instability of the GSEs?", "What were t...
CRS_RL33341	{ "title": [ "", "History of the SPR", "Establishment of the SPR", "The Drawdown Authorities", "Proposals in the 111th Congress to Amend the Authorities", "Acquisition of Crude Oil for the SPR", "Resumption of Fill (2009)", "Royalty-in-Kind Acquisition", "When Should the SPR Be Use...	{ "question": [ "Why did Congress authorize the SPR?", "Who manages the program?", "To what extent is the capacity of the SPR in use?", "What is the SPR?", "Why did EPCA authorize drawdown of the reserve?", "Why is the meaning of a \"severe energy supply interruption\" c?", "How does this ...
CRS_R41509	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Land Exchange Data", "Pros and Cons of Land Exchanges", "Basic Rules for Exchanges", "Same State", "Public Interest", "Equal Value", "Costs", "Assembled Land Exchanges", "Management of Exchanged Lands", "Overview of Exchange Process18",...	{ "question": [ "What is FLPMA's purpose?", "How does this affect land exchanges?", "How must administrative costs be shared?", "What are assembled land exchanges?", "What are the phases of the land exchange process?", "What does the processing and documentation phase consist of?", "What p...
GAO_GAO-15-794	{ "title": [ "Background", "VHA’s Nurse Workforce", "VHA Nurse Skill Mix", "Roles and Responsibilities for VHA Nurse Recruitment and Retention", "VHA Has Multiple Nurse Recruitment and Retention Initiatives, but Some Medical Centers Face Challenges That Limit the Initiatives’ Usefulness", "VHA...	{ "question": [ "What is the status of the VHA's workforce recruitment programs?", "What is the nature of these initiatives?", "How did the medical centers in GAO's review vary?", "What else did GAO find?", "What was the nature of these challenges?", "What is the status of nurses in the VA sys...
CRS_RL34221	{ "title": [ "", "Patents and Innovation Policy", "The Mechanics of the Patent System", "Innovation Policy", "The Phenomenon of Tax Strategy Patents", "Patents on Methods of Doing Business", "Patents on Tax Strategies", "Bilski v. Kappos", "Innovation Policy Issues", "Stated Co...	{ "question": [ "What tax-related bills were introduced in previous sessions of Congress?", "What would these inititatives have done?", "How might these issues arise?", "What is the origin of the rise of tax strategy patents?", "How have subsequent courts treated this ruling?", "What has been ...
GAO_GAO-12-374T	{ "title": [ "Management of Arlington Contracts Improved, but Additional Steps Are Needed to Ensure Continued Progress", "Army Has Made Progress in Addressing Other Management Deficiencies at Arlington, but Challenges Remain", "Formal Collaboration between the Army and VA Could Lead to Improvements across...	{ "question": [ "What contracts did GAO identify for Arlington?", "What did these contracts support?", "What has the Army done to provide for more effective management and oversight of contracts?", "What is missing from these efforts?", "Why is it important that Arlington fix these problems?", ...
CRS_R41759	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Congressional Research Service Products", "CRS Products", "Government Accountability Office", "House and Senate Committee Prints and Hearings", "Committee Prints", "Hearings", "Office of Management and Budget", "Guidance Documents for Agencies"...	{ "question": [ "What happens when federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority?", "What happens to the government agencies and programs under the Antideficiency Act?", "What happens when there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities?", "What has happened in the past in t...
GAO_GAO-15-619T	{ "title": [ "Recent Trends in Federal Civilian Employment", "Federal Civilian Workforce Grew by 10.3 Percent from 2005 through 2014", "Fourteen Percent of On Board Employees Were Eligible to Retire in 2014", "OPM Needs to Improve the Design, Management, and Oversight of the Federal Classification Sys...	{ "question": [ "How do human capital shortfalls affect federal agencies?", "How has the government approached this issue?", "What has GAO's prior work shown about human resources?", "What did GAO determine about general schedule classification systems?", "How well did the GS system's design refle...

GAO_GAO-12-604

{ "title": [ "Background", "Polar Satellite Data and Products", "Overview of Initial NOAA and DOD Plans for Replacement Satellite Programs", "Agencies Transferred Responsibilities to Their Respective Programs, but NOAA’s Is Being Downsized, and DOD’s Has Been Terminated", "NOAA Established the JPS...

{ "question": [ "What did NOAA and DOD do following the disbanding of the NPOESS program in 2010?", "What specific actions did NOAA take to transfer responsibilities?", "What specific actions did DOD take to transfer responsibilities?", "How have recent events impacted DOD and NOAA's programs?", "...

GAO_GAO-13-174

{ "title": [ "Background", "Agencies Have Made Progress Implementing Key Requirements for Priority Goals, but Some Information Is Incomplete", "Agencies Have Implemented Several Requirements Related to Priority Goals", "Most Agencies Did Not State Whether Their Priority Goals Support Any CAP Goals", ...

{ "question": [ "What did GAO's review of APGs for 2012 to 2013 reveal?", "What requirements did agencies implement?", "What did agencies fail to fully explain?", "What does the act direct agencies to identify?", "How did agencies fail to meet this requirement?", "What does the act require reg...

GAO_GAO-12-843

{ "title": [ "Background", "Six Agencies Supported Sixty-Five Solar-Related Initiatives with a Variety of Key Characteristics", "Over Half of the Agencies’ Initiatives Exclusively Supported Solar Energy Technology", "Initiatives Are Fragmented across Agencies and Sometimes Overlap, but Agency Official...

{ "question": [ "What solar initiatives did federal agencies support?", "What characteristics did the initiatives exhibit?", "What did agency officials report regarding appropriations?", "What characteristics do the initiatives share?", "How do the initiatives differ?", "What did GAO discover ...

CRS_R42983

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Rationale for the Change in Law", "Policies for Access to Data from Federally Funded Research Other Than Provisions in Circular A-110", "The Freedom of Information Act and Its Exemptions", "Relevant State Laws", "OMB's Revision of Circular A-110", "React...

{ "question": [ "For what are scientific studies often used in government?", "What are the standards regarding the public availability of data?", "What did the Shelby Amendment mandate?", "What was OMB required to do in response to this?", "What changes have been made since the final revision was ...

GAO_GAO-15-236

{ "title": [ "Background", "FHWA Has Established Some Federal Vehicle Size and Weight Requirements, Oversees State Enforcement, and Provides Some Assistance to States", "FHWA Has Established Some Federal Size and Weight Requirements for Vehicles", "FHWA Oversees State Enforcement and Provides Some Ass...

{ "question": [ "What regulations has the FHWA established?", "What regulation does FHWA lack the authority to establish?", "What other activities does FHWA oversee?", "What are FHWA's limitations regarding state activities?", "What did GAO find when investigating size and weight requirements for ...

CRS_R41654

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Brief History of the Public Housing Program", "The Housing Act of 1937: The Beginning of Public Housing", "The Housing Act of 1949: Expansion and Ties to Urban Renewal", "1960s: New Forms of Assistance and the End of Legal Discrimination", "The 1970s and t...

{ "question": [ "How can public housing properties vary in layout?", "How has the number of public housing units changed since the 1990s?", "Where does funding for public housing properties come from?", "What appropriations have been given for public housing in recent years?", "What actions have b...

GAO_GAO-12-610

{ "title": [ "Background", "Routine Monitoring", "Site Visits", "Single Audits", "Restrictive Drawdown", "National Monitoring Standards for Grantee Monitoring of Service Providers", "Grantee Files", "HRSA Does Not Consistently Follow Guidance on Oversight of Grantees and Faces Other Ch...

{ "question": [ "In what ways does the HRSA fail to meet HHS regulations?", "In what ways did HRSA fail to provide consistent documentation?", "What is the purpose of routine monitoring?", "In what ways did HRSA fail to follow HHS guidelines when implementing restrictive drawdowns?", "What do rest...

GAO_GAO-17-25

{ "title": [ "Background", "AOC Jurisdictions, Offices, and Major Contracts Subject to OIG Oversight", "Statutory Requirements, Policies, and Resources Related to the AOC OIG’s Work", "Significant Statutory Requirements of the OIG", "AOC OIG Policies and Procedures", "Audit Policies and Proced...

{ "question": [ "How was the AOC OIG's audit planning limited?", "To what extent did the OIG use these CIGIE standards?", "What approach was taken in the place of the CIGIE standards?", "What results have come from this auditing system?", "How did shortcomings in the audit process affect the resul...

CRS_R44398

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "DFS Basics", "DFS Companies", "DFS and the Broader Gambling Industry", "Industry Positions on DFS Gaming", "Legal Status and Regulatory Environment", "Federal Laws Potentially Applicable to DFS", "Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act", "P...

{ "question": [ "What is the legal standing of DFS companies?", "To what extent are they regulated federally?", "How do state governments regulate them?", "What confusion exists around the UIGEA?", "How has the legality of the DFS industry been challenged?", "How does the legal status of DFS a...

GAO_GAO-13-687

{ "title": [ "Background", "Bi-State Tolling Authorities Have Broad Authority to Set and Use Tolls, and Tolling Decisions Are Primarily Influenced by Debt Rather Than Federal Toll Provisions", "Bi-State Tolling Authorities Have Broad Authority to Set Toll Rates and Use Toll Revenues", "Tolling Decisio...

{ "question": [ "What authority do bi-state tolling authorities possess?", "What factors affect how tolls are set?", "To what extent does the statute requiring tolls to be \"just and reasonable\" affect tolling decisions?", "What policies must bi-state tolling authorities follow regarding transparency...

GAO_GAO-13-740

{ "title": [ "Background", "Participants in MAP and FMD Have Remained Relatively Consistent in Recent Years", "Program Participants Have Conducted a Variety of Activities to Promote Their Products Overseas", "MAP and FMD Program Participants and Expenditures Remained Generally Consistent in Program Ye...

{ "question": [ "How do market development program participants attempt to raise awareness of U.S. agricultural products?", "What sort of activities are funded?", "How did market development program participants perform between 2007 and 2011?", "To what extent did MAP and FMD participants meet FAS con...

GAO_GAO-18-487

{ "title": [ "Background", "CBP’s Law Enforcement Positions", "CBP Staffing Levels for Law Enforcement Officer Positions", "CBP’s Hiring Process for Law Enforcement Officer Positions", "Financial Incentives and Other Human Capital Flexibilities Available to CBP", "CBP Has Enhanced Its Recruitm...

{ "question": [ "How has CBP increased emphasis on recruitment?", "How did these efforts affect the number of applications it received?", "How has CBP attempted to better target potential applicants?", "To what extent have these efforts been successful?", "What is the current state of CBP's effort...

CRS_R42389

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Contempt of Court", "Civil Contempt of Court", "Criminal Contempt of Court", "Supreme Court Case—Representation in Civil Cases", "Criminal Nonsupport", "State Actions", "Federal Criminal Penalties", "Implications", "Placin...

{ "question": [ "Why was CSE created?", "What is the premise of the CSE program?", "Where is the CSE program operated?", "What authority do state CSE programs have available?", "How may non-payment of support lead to criminal sanctions?", "How is contempt of court classified?", "How does c...

CRS_R43054

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background on SSDI", "Eligibility", "Benefits", "Determination and Adjudication Process", "Trends in the SSDI Program Since 1980", "Enrollment", "Termination", "Program Size", "Prevalence Rates", "Causes of the Growth in the SSDI Rolls"...

{ "question": [ "What is SSDI?", "What are SSDI benefits based on?", "How can individuals qualify?", "What disability eligibility restrictions exist?", "What accounts for the growth in individuals on SSDI?", "What do these demographic changes consist of?", "To what extent did non-demograph...

GAO_GAO-15-670

{ "title": [ "Background", "Making Home Affordable Programs", "Hardest Hit Fund Program", "FHA Short Refinance", "Treasury Continues Its Efforts to Reach More Borrowers and Address Interest Rate Increases", "Treasury Has Disbursed More Than 40 Percent of Allocated TARP Housing Funds", "Tre...

{ "question": [ "What was Treasury's role in TARP?", "How did the number of new borrowers in HAMP change?", "How has HAMP Tier 1 activity changed?", "How has HAMP Tier 2 activity changed?", "How does Treasury plan on expanding the program participant base?", "To what extent did Treasury assess...

GAO_GAO-15-684

{ "title": [ "Background", "Role and Evolution of State’s Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism", "Role and Evolution of State’s Bureau of Counterterrorism", "CT Bureau Programs and Activities", "CT Bureau Organizational Structure", "CT Bureau Funding Allocations", "CT Bureau’s Au...

{ "question": [ "How has the number of FTE positions at the Bureau of Counterterrorism changed since FY2011?", "How did the number of authorized FTEs change between FY2011 and FY2015?", "How were these vacancies distributed?", "Why were some vacancies left unaddressed?", "What progress has been ma...

GAO_GAO-15-201

{ "title": [ "Background", "CBP and ICE Roles and Responsibilities", "Overview of Land Mobile Radio Networks and Infrastructure", "Land Mobile Radio System Requirements and Mandates", "Overview of DHS Border Security and Immigration TACCOM Programs", "DHS Components Have Taken Steps to Upgrade...

{ "question": [ "How DHS, CBP, and ICE addressed radio interoperability?", "What modernization efforts has CBP completed?", "To what extent will CBP assess the effectiveness of the new systems?", "How will the lack of a plan affect CBP?", "What is the status of ICE's modernization efforts?", "...

CRS_R44389

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Current Number of General and Flag Officers", "Responsibilities of General and Flag Officer Positions", "Historical Changes in General and Flag Officer Levels", "Criticisms of the Increasing Proportion of GFOs", "Justifications for Increasing Proportion of G...

{ "question": [ "What laws has Congress enacted regarding the Armed Forces?", "How do these laws address general and flag officers?", "How does Congress maintain these laws?", "What areas of congressional interest exist regarding GFOs?", "What is RMC?", "How widely do GFO compensations vary?",...

GAO_GAO-16-117

{ "title": [ "Background", "TSA Acquires Security- Related Technologies to Screen Passengers and Baggage for Threats", "DHS Acquisition Process", "TSA Test and Evaluation Process", "DHS and TSA Partner with Industry to Develop and Deploy Screening Technologies in a Dynamic Threat Environment", ...

{ "question": [ "To what extent has the TSA evaluated potential screening technologies?", "What is the purpose of the testing process?", "What resulted from the testing process between 2010 and 2015?", "What happened to programs that failed the testing process?", "How has the testing process been ...

CRS_R45178

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction1", "AI Terminology and Background5", "Issues for Congress", "AI Applications for Defense", "Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance", "Logistics", "Cyberspace Operations", "Information Operations and \"Deep Fakes\"66", "Command and Control"...

{ "question": [ "How does the DOD hope to utilize AI applications?", "In what fields is the bulk of AI research being done?", "Where is AI already in use for military purposes?", "How can Congress's involvement shape AI's future?", "Why does AI present a challenge for military intergration?", ...

CRS_R42623

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Executive Compensation", "USPS Executive Pay and the 112th Congress", "Comparisons to the Public and Private Sector", "The Private Sector", "The Public Sector", "Concluding Observations" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "The U.S. Postal Service (USPS...

{ "question": [ "What is the size of USPS's workforce?", "What contingency do PCES make up within that workforce?", "How are the PCES employees divided?", "How do executives' duties differ from officers' duties?", "How are PCES employees paid?", "What is the pay cap?", "How can a Postal Ex...

CRS_R41042

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Legislative History", "The HSUF Proposal", "Trading Partner Objections", "Overview of Dredging Operations", "Container Ships, the Panama Canal, and Dredging Needs", "HMTF Revenues", "HMT Revenue Generated by Port", "HMT Revenu...

{ "question": [ "Why did the Congress enact the HMT?", "O&M costs come mostly from what?", "Where is the tax directed?", "At what rate is the tax assessed?", "Where do the tax revenues go?", "What changed in 1998 regarding the HMT?", "How well are the busiest harbors maintained?", "Wha...

CRS_R42336

{ "title": [ "", "Recent Developments", "Introduction", "Post-9/11 Reforms and Modified NICS Procedures", "NICS Procedures", "HSPD-6 and Terrorist Watchlists", "DOJ-FBI Modified NICS Procedures (February 2004)", "GAO Report Recommendations (January 2005)", "Possible Issues Raised b...

{ "question": [ "What could account for renewed interest in terrorist watchlist screening?", "What was a consequence of this?", "What took place in the aftermath of the bombing?", "What is ATF doing regarding the weapon used in this crime?", "Why is the acquisition of the gun significant?", "W...

CRS_R42483

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "State Redistricting and the Best Available Data", "Adjustments to Census Data", "Departures from Use of Total Population Figures", "Use of Official Census Data", "Sampling and Estimation Adjustment", "Counting of Overseas Citizens", "Additional Readi...

{ "question": [ "What does this report concern?", "How is state representation in federal government impacted by the census?", "How can census data be involved in intrastate redistricting?", "What states receive census data?", "What entity is responsible for the census?", "What kinds of adjust...

GAO_GAO-18-180

{ "title": [ "Background", "TSA Roles and Responsibilities", "TSA Surface Security Budget and Regulations", "TSA Organizational Structure for Managing Its Surface Inspectors", "TSA Risk-Based Security for Surface Transportation", "Surface Inspectors Conduct Regulatory Inspections and Voluntary...

{ "question": [ "What did GAO find about TSA inspector activities?", "What anecdote backs up this finding?", "Why should TSA incorporate the results of risk assessments when prioritizing activities?", "What is the focus of RMAST?", "At present, what makes it difficult to enact RMAST?", "Why ha...

GAO_GAO-13-221

{ "title": [ "Background", "Distribution Network for Natural Gas Pipelines", "Federal Environmental Laws That May Be Involved in the Pipeline Permitting Process", "Stakeholders That May Be Involved in the Pipeline Permitting Process", "The Interstate and Intrastate Pipeline Permitting Processes Ca...

{ "question": [ "What groups can be involved with interstate and intrastate natural gas pipeline processes?", "How do the phases within the interstate process work?", "How is FERC involved in this process?", "How does the intrastate process differ from the interstate process?", "How do states vary...

GAO_GAO-13-296

{ "title": [ "Background", "Uses of the NCIPP List", "DHS Has Made Changes to NCIPP List Criteria, but Has Not Identified the Impact of These Changes or Validated Its Approach", "DHS Made Several Changes to the List Criteria and Format", "DHS Has Not Identified the Impact of Changes in Criteria on...

{ "question": [ "What is the current status of DHS's attempt to change its criteria for including assets on NCIPP?", "How were the criteria altered?", "How has the changing of criteria altered the NCIPP list?", "To what extent has DHS reviewed these changes?", "What are the possible implications o...

GAO_GAO-19-117

{ "title": [ "Background", "CHIP-IN Act", "Omaha Project", "Pilot Program", "VA Has Not Yet Established a Framework for Effective Pilot Design for the CHIP-IN Pilot Program", "VA Has Not Established Clear Objectives", "VA Has Not Developed and Documented an Assessment Methodology or Evalua...

{ "question": [ "How will CHIP-IN help the VA?", "What obstacles remain for successfully implementing this pilot program?", "Which leading practice has VA begun to implement?", "What particular measures are lackign for CHIP-IN?", "Why would an assessment methodology help this project?", "How d...

GAO_GAO-13-189

{ "title": [ "Background", "Types of Renewable Energy and Technologies Used for Development", "Agency Permitting Processes for Renewable Energy Development", "BLM Has Received Hundreds of Permit Applications since EPAct 2005 and Authorized 25 Projects", "Since 2005, BLM Received 416 Wind and Solar...

{ "question": [ "How has BLM responded to the Energy Policy Act of 2005?", "What was the fate of these authorized projects?", "What is the average time frame from submitting an application to approval of the project?", "What is the energy implication of the authorized projects?", "What have federa...

GAO_GAO-16-515

{ "title": [ "Background", "Authorizations to Use NCIC and NamUs Differ so the Data in Each Remains Separated", "Opportunities Exist to More Efficiently Share Missing and Unidentified Persons Information in NCIC and NamUs", "Conclusions", "Recommendation for Executive Action", "Agency Comments...

{ "question": [ "What is the difference between the NamUs database and the NCIC database?", "What is the implication of this difference?", "What do the NCIC and NamUs databases concern?", "How do case numbers differ across the two databases?", "How else do the two databases differ?", "What are...

CRS_R43070

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Ammonium Nitrate", "Regulation by Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives", "Regulation by Department of Homeland Security", "Maritime Transportation Security Act", "Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards", "Ammonium Nitrate Proposed Ru...

{ "question": [ "What is the policy interest regarding the West Fertilizer Company?", "How is ammonium nitrate used in agriculture?", "In what situation ammonium nitrate become hazardous?", "What is one example of such an event?", "How has ammonium nitrate been used as a weapon?", "How did the...

GAO_GAO-18-147

{ "title": [ "Background", "BOP’s Organization and Workforce", "Federal Laws and Regulations Related to Retention Incentives", "BOP’s Retention Incentive Program", "Other Compensation- Based Human Capital Flexibilities", "BOP Increased Its Use of Retention Incentives and Used Them Primarily to...

{ "question": [ "How did BOP's retention incentive expenditures change from 2012 to 2016?", "What groups were targeted in this expenditure increase?", "Why are retention efforts especially important for medical professionals?", "What is the current status of is BOP's plans regarding retention incentiv...

CRS_RL33028

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "How the Social Security Program Is Financed", "The Social Security Trust Funds as Designated Accounts", "Social Security Trust Fund Revenues", "Social Security Trust Fund Costs", "Social Security Trust Fund Operations", "Investment of the Social Securi...

{ "question": [ "How does the Social Security program support the families of deceased and disabled workers?", "How are these cash benefits accounted for?", "How are these funds projected to behave in the future?", "How do the OASI and DI Trust Funds interact?", "Under which circumstances has Cong...

GAO_GAO-17-573

{ "title": [ "Background", "The Federal Rule-making Process", "Reporting Lines for Field Staff Who Implement Government Contracting and Business Development Programs Vary", "SBA Has Made Improvements to Its Certification Processes, but Some Weaknesses Remain", "HUBZone Program", "8(a) Business...

{ "question": [ "What is the OGCBD responsible for?", "What is the relationship between field staff and SBA headquarters?", "How is this reporting structure beneficial?", "What issues does this reporting structure have?", "What steps have OGCBD staff taken to amend these issues?", "What steps ...

CRS_RL31953

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Defining Spam", "Avoiding and Reporting Spam", "Foreign Spam", "The Federal CAN-SPAM Act: Summary of Major Provisions", "Opt-In, Opt-Out, and a \"Do Not Email\" Registry", "CAN-SPAM Act Provision", "FTC Implementation", "Labels", "CAN-SPAM ...

{ "question": [ "What is spam?", "What issues might spam cause?", "How do proponents of UCE defend it?", "What actions did President Bush take against unsolicited commercial emails?", "How does this Act control the flow of spam?", "How does the Act avoid mandating a Do Not Email registry?", ...

GAO_GAO-14-27

{ "title": [ "Background", "DHS Organization and Missions", "Financial Systems", "DHS Components Define M&A Activities Differently and Can Identify M&A Spending, but Limitations Exist in Obtaining Data from Fiscal Years 1999 through 2013", "DHS Components Define M&A Activities Differently and Can ...

{ "question": [ "What challenges exist in analyzing the spending data of DHS?", "What do officials from the first four components define M&A activities as?", "How does this differ from the opinions of officials in the last four components?", "How accessible is M&A spending data to the eight components...

CRS_RL33944

{ "title": [ "", "Trade Concepts1", "The Basics of Trade", "Trade and Jobs", "Economic Globalization", "U.S. Trade Performance16", "The U.S. Role in the World Economy", "The U.S. Trade Deficit", "Understanding Data on U.S. Trade and the Economy", "U.S. Manufacturing and Service...

{ "question": [ "What role does Congress play in U.S. trade policy?", "What is an example of Congressional involvement in U.S. trade policy?", "What other global agreements has Congress shown an interest in?", "What topics are the subject of ongoing debates in Congress?", "What does this report pr...

GAO_GAO-17-67

{ "title": [ "Background", "SBA Disaster Loan Program", "Paperwork Reduction Act", "SBA Disaster Loan Application Forms", "SBA Generally Meets Paperwork Reduction Act Form Renewal Requirements through Its Clearance Process and Internal Controls", "SBA’s Form Renewal Process Generally Meets Pap...

{ "question": [ "How does the SBA reinforce compliance with the PRA?", "What steps does this process include?", "What steps has the SBA taken to improve this process?", "What is the SBA's record regarding the disaster business loan process?", "How do loan recipients typically access this materials...

CRS_R41848

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Changes Undertaken in Response to 9/11", "The Information Sharing Environment", "Limitations and Risks of Information Sharing", "Detroit Bomb Attempt", "Fort Hood Shooting", "WikiLeaks", "Conclusion" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "At the heart o...

{ "question": [ "How does classified information affect US security?", "What is considered a disclosure of classified intelligence?", "Why does classified information need to be accessible?", "How does this access relate to security?", "What kinds of changes were made for information sharing?", ...

CRS_R44000

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "U.S.-Turkey Relations", "Turkey's Strategic Orientation in Question", "U.S./NATO Cooperation with Turkey", "Overview", "F-35 Aircraft Acquisition Endangered by Possible S-400 Acquisition from Russia", "S-400 Deal and Implications for NATO", "Possib...

{ "question": [ "What characterizes Turkey's relationship to Western nations?", "Why does Turkey's need for domestic energy complicate this relationship?", "How do US interests in Turkey's actions complicate the two countries' relations?", "What other troubled relations does Turkey have?", "Why F-...

CRS_R44674

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Highway Trust Fund Financing Dilemma", "What Congress Faces", "The Underlying Problem: Spending Exceeds Revenues", "The Resulting Funding Shortfalls", "Existing Highway Fuel Taxes16", "How the Rates Have Been Raised Since 1983", "The \"Great Co...

{ "question": [ "How were federal surface transportation programs funded, historically?", "How have taxes changed since 1993?", "How had driving rates supplemented the lack of change in taxes?", "How does this compare to the current situation?", "How are future changes in the fuel economy likely t...

CRS_R42848

{ "title": [ "", "Latest Developments", "Policy Issues", "Brief History of the Chemical Weapons Program in Syria", "Current Chemical Weapons Program", "Syrian Statements on Chemical and Biological Weapons", "Chemical Weapons Security", "Chemical Weapons Use and Potential Responses", ...

{ "question": [ "How is Syria involved in chemical agent and precursors?", "What chemical agents does Syria possess?", "What is known about the stockpile?", "How is Syria receiving chemical precursors?", "How did the Chemical Weapons Convention affect chemical weapons?", "What countries are US...

CRS_R43410

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Types of Transportation Public-Private Partnerships", "Prominent Examples of Public-Private Partnerships", "Chicago Skyway", "Indiana Toll Road", "Northern Virginia I-495 HOT Lanes", "Las Vegas Monorail", "Missouri DOT Safe and So...

{ "question": [ "What is the relationship between private funding and surface transportation infrastructure?", "Why might private funding be undesirable?", "Why do P3s remain an open question?", "What issues do P3s raise?", "What does this report discuss?", "What would be the effect of the fir...

GAO_GAO-14-667

{ "title": [ "Background", "Location of Oil and Gas Development in the United States", "Oil and Gas Production", "Transportation Modes", "Department of Transportation", "Increased Oil and Gas Production Presents Challenges for Transportation Infrastructure That Could Pose Environmental and Saf...

{ "question": [ "Why does increased oil and gas production present challenges for transportation infrastructure?", "How has pipeline capacity affected oil transportation?", "Why are these changes in transportation a cause for concern?", "What is flaring?", "Why is flaring a cause for concern?", ...

GAO_GAO-13-353

{ "title": [ "Background", "The CFATS Rule and Process", "ISCD Has Assigned Thousands of Facilities to Tiers, but ISCD’s Approach to Risk Assessment Does Not Reflect All Risk Elements", "ISCD Has Tiered Thousands of High-Risk Chemical Facilities and Resolved Some Problems Using Its Risk Assessment App...

{ "question": [ "How does DHS assign risk-based tiers?", "How is ISCD's assignment approach flawed?", "What factors does the risk assessment approach neglect?", "How will ISCD review its risk assessment approach?", "How could an independent peer complement the ISCD's assessment approach?", "Ho...

GAO_GAO-12-441

{ "title": [ "Background", "Agencies Have Adopted Policies and Procedures, but Annual Reports Lack Some Required Information", "Interagency PSI Policies and Procedures Established", "Agencies Submitted Reports, but They Lacked Some Required Information", "Extent to Which Activities Meet PSI Object...

{ "question": [ "How have U.S. agencies established PSI policies and procedures?", "What documentation have the agencies produced?", "What PSI guidance have DOD and CBP developed?", "To what extent did the 2009-2011 reports met PSI requirments?", "To what extent have PSI activities achieved their ...

CRS_R43111

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Overview of Major Acquisition Systems", "Selected Topics", "Quality of Procurement Data", "System for Award Management (SAM)", "Access to and Comprehension of Procurement Information and Data", "Posting Contracts Online", "Digital Accountability an...

{ "question": [ "How has the role of technology in the acquisition process changed?", "Who benefits from this shift to online systems?", "How important are these online systems to the acquisition process?", "How do the online systems affect contractors?", "What questions have been raised about the...

GAO_GAO-19-561

{ "title": [ "Background", "Major Steps in Corps Water Resources Development Projects", "Corps Feasibility Studies", "Statutory Provisions for Accelerating Feasibility Studies", "The Corps Has Taken Steps to Address Some Feasibility Study Acceleration Provisions but Not Others", "The Corps Has...

{ "question": [ "How is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers addressing feasibility study acceleration provisions?", "How did the Corps implement a coordination provision?", "To what extent have the Corps implemented other provisions?", "How does the Corps plan on addressing these provisions?", "How w...

CRS_R43227

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Federal Funding for Climate Change", "Climate Change Initiatives", "The Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)", "Clean Energy Technologies", "International Assistance", "Climate Adaptation, Preparedness, and Resilience", "Principal Observations a...

{ "question": [ "How were climate change programs funded?", "What role did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 play in climate change program funding?", "What climate change funding was requested for FY2014?", "How would energy tax provisions affect tax revenues?", "How are federal ...

GAO_GAO-18-471

{ "title": [ "Background", "IRS Budget", "IRS Customer Service", "Systemic Verification", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", "IRS Improved Customer Service, Managed Multiple Challenges Processing Returns, and Identified More Potential Fraud and Noncompliance Compared to Last Year", "Customer Service...

{ "question": [ "How did the IRS customer service change in 2018?", "How did IRS telephone and online services change?", "How does this compare to the 2015 filing season?", "What challenges still remain for IRS?", "What did GAO recommend regarding correspondence?", "How did tax law change in 2...

GAO_GAO-17-77

{ "title": [ "Background", "Four Factors Frame the Challenge Posed by Requirements, and Detailed Systems Engineering Is Key to Knowing Whether and How the Challenge Can Be Met", "Case Studies Illustrate the Relationship between Requirements Challenge, the Timing of Systems Engineering, and Program Outcome...

{ "question": [ "What challenges do a given weapon system's requirements pose?", "Why is systems engineering crucial to the success of a program?", "How does the timing of systems engineering negatively or positively impact a program?", "What is the advantage of utilizing preliminary designs?", "W...

GAO_GAO-17-657

{ "title": [ "Background", "Band Types and Structure", "Roles and Responsibilities of Organizations and Personnel Related to Military Bands", "All Military Services Have Reduced the Number of Bands and Band Personnel since 2012, but Total Operating Cost Trends Varied across the Services", "The Num...

{ "question": [ "To what extent have military services evaluated the missions of military bands?", "What metrics are missing from this approach?", "How has the military decided to improve how they track the efficacy of military bands?", "Why does GAO believe improving upon current methods for tracking...

CRS_R44201

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The U.S. Pipeline Network", "Safety in the Pipeline Industry", "Federal Agencies in Pipeline Safety", "Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration", "PHMSA Organization and Funding", "PHMSA's Regulatory Activities", "PHMSA Reauthorizatio...

{ "question": [ "Why has pipeline safety become a concern?", "Why is pipeline safety important?", "How is the federal pipeline safety program administered?", "What characterizes PHMSA's budget authority?", "Why does the agency face difficulty in retaining its staff?", "What are the implication...

CRS_RL32200

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Controlling and Gaining Time During General Debate and the Amendment Process", "General Debate", "Controlling Time as a Manager", "Gaining Recognition to Speak Under Controlled Time", "Yielding", "Debate During the Amendment Process", "Controlled T...

{ "question": [ "How is time during a debate controlled?", "How is time during an amendent process controlled?", "How might a Member limit the five minutes?", "How does offering \"pro forma amendments\" benefit a Member?", "Why would a Member make a point of order against a pending matter?", "...

GAO_GAO-13-759

{ "title": [ "Background", "Defaulted Loans to Franchisees of the Franchise Organization Resulted in $11 Million in Guarantee Payments, and Four Lenders Accounted for about 74 Percent of Defaulted Loans", "Alleged Loan Agent Fraud Could Not Be Conclusively Determined, and SBA Has Taken Initial Steps to En...

{ "question": [ "What did GAO determine about SBA's loans?", "To what extent did these loans default?", "How do guarantee payments on default loans affect the SBA?", "What did GAO determine about why these loans defaulted?", "What did GAO's assessment of SBA loans determine?", "What did GAO fi...

GAO_GAO-16-273

{ "title": [ "Background", "Unforeseen Site Conditions Are Common, but Impacts on Reviewed Projects Were Limited", "Both Industry Stakeholders and GSA Officials Told Us Unforeseen Site Conditions Are Common in Repair and Alteration Projects", "Most Projects We Reviewed Had Unforeseen Site Conditions, ...

{ "question": [ "How prevalent are unforeseen challenges in repair and alteration projects?", "How do these challenges affect projects?", "How large are the cost impacts of these challenges?", "How large is the schedule impact of these challenges?", "What are the causes of these unforeseen conditi...

CRS_R44496

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Terminology", "Original Appointments", "Statutory Authority", "Overview", "Considerations", "Assignment", "Statutory Authority", "Overview", "Considerations", "Promotion", "Statutory Authority", "Overview", "Grade Limitation...

{ "question": [ "What questions are currently being raised about officer personnel management policy?", "What is the focus of these questions?", "How does this affect any answers?", "How can more concrete answers be developed?", "Who governs military officer personnel management?", "What is th...

GAO_GAO-15-339

{ "title": [ "Background", "Directive Established Federal Records Management Requirements", "Agencies Took Actions in Response to the Directive but Did Not Fully Meet All Requirements", "All Agencies Designated a Senior Agency Official to Oversee Records Management Activities, but Not All Designated t...

{ "question": [ "Why were some requirements not fully met?", "What are examples of unmet requirements?", "By when will these agencies complete their training?", "What have OPM, OBM, and NARA done regarding oversight?", "What actions has OPM taken?", "What actions has OMB taken?", "What act...

GAO_GAO-13-314

{ "title": [ "Background", "Internal Control Standards", "Existing Internal Supervisory Control Framework Generally Reflects Accepted Standards of Internal Control", "Offices’ Work Processes Incorporate Internal Supervisory Controls Designed to Address Identified Risks", "Corporation Finance’s Int...

{ "question": [ "What did the SEC do to maintain internal supervisory control after 2010?", "What is internal supervisory?", "To what extent is the control framework consistent with federal standards?", "How did the offices ensure that they can consistently carry out their responsibilities?", "How...

GAO_GAO-12-241

{ "title": [ "Background", "Required Roles and Responsibilities for IT Investment Oversight", "OMB’s IT Oversight Mechanisms", "Agencies Spend Billions on Poorly Performing IT Investments", "Categorization of IT Investments Is Intended to Facilitate Identification of Similar IT Investments", "...

{ "question": [ "How effective are DOD and DOE investment review processes?", "How do these duplicates affect IT spending?", "What is an example of duplication?", "How prevalent is duplication at DHS?", "How has DHS improved its processes for identifying duplicative investments?", "How have DO...

CRS_R41542

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Development of Modern Campaign Finance Law", "Policy Background", "The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)", "The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) and Beyond", "Major Issues: What Has Changed Post-Citizens United and What Has Not", "What Has Chan...

{ "question": [ "How has campaign finance law changed in recent years?", "What was the effect of Citizens United?", "What was the effect of SpeechNov.org v. FEC?", "What changes have been made to campaign finance policy since these two rulings?", "How were these provisions enacted?", "To what ...

CRS_RL31832

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Evolution of the Export Administration Act", "Legislation", "107th Congress", "108th Congress", "109th Congress", "110th Congress", "111th Congress", "Enforcement", "Securing Exports Through Coordination and Technology Act", "Divers...

{ "question": [ "How does Congress delegate its regulatory authority over foreign commerce?", "What is the EAA?", "What powers does the EAA grant the President?", "What items are included on the CCL?", "What role does BIS play in regulating foreign commerce?", "What are the two main stances on...

CRS_RL33576

{ "title": [ "", "Most Recent Developments", "Public Law P.L. 110-5 (H.J.Res. 20) Enacted", "Senate Bill S. 3708 Reported", "House Bill H.R. 5647 Reported", "President's Budget Submitted", "Note on Most Recent Data", "Overview and Key Issues", "Program Level and Current Year Approp...

{ "question": [ "How do HHS discretionary appropriations compare from FY2006 to FY2007?", "How would Community Health Centers funding change?", "How would CHGME funding change?", "How would LIHEAP funding change?", "How would SSBG and CSBG funding change?", "How do ED discretionary appropriati...

GAO_GAO-12-355

{ "title": [ "Background", "Financial Incentive Programs", "Federal Fraud and Abuse Laws and Enforcement Mechanisms", "Anti-kickback Statute", "Advisory Opinion Authority", "Certain Financial Incentive Programs Are Permitted under Federal Fraud and Abuse Laws, Regulations, and Guidance, but St...

{ "question": [ "What are the Stark law and anti-kickback statue?", "What challenges do these laws introduce?", "What is the effect of the CMP law?", "To what extent does the CMP law include exceptions?", "How does OIG persecute violators of the CMP law?", "How may stakeholders' concerns affec...

CRS_RL33173

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Introduction to the Voucher Program5", "Effects on the Voucher Program", "Initial Guidance", "KDHAP and the Disaster Voucher Program", "Structure", "Families Homeless Prior to Hurricane Katrina", "Status", "Use of Existing Vouchers for Displace...

{ "question": [ "What impact did the voucher program have among affected families?", "What was HUD's focus after the storm?", "How did KDHAP affect HUD programs?", "How has KDHAP funding changed recently?", "How common was HUD assistance before the storm among displaced families?", "How did PH...

CRS_R45484

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "What is the Disaster Relief Fund and how is it used?", "What determines whether an incident qualifies as an emergency or disaster?", "Does all federally funded disaster relief come from the DRF?", "What federal government activities are funded under the DRF?",...

{ "question": [ "How long has the appropriation that feeds the DRF existed?", "How was it originally used?", "In what ways was the appropriation flexible?", "How was this a shift in policy?", "How did the government fund disaster responses prior to this shift?", "How has the appropriation to t...

GAO_GAO-18-70

{ "title": [ "Background", "Despite Challenges Converting State Data to the T-MSIS Format, Nearly All States are Reporting T-MSIS Data, and CMS Has Shifted Its Focus to Improving Data Quality", "Overall, 49 States Are Reporting T-MSIS Data; Selected States Identified Converting their Data into the T-MSIS ...

{ "question": [ "How had T-MSIS reporting volume changed as of November 2017 compared to one year earlier?", "What did states identify as their biggest challenge in their reporting efforts?", "What did states have to do to match the T-MSIS format?", "How were T-MSIS data reports in August 2017 inadequ...

CRS_R43013

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Administrative Procedure Act (APA)", "Remedies for Unreasonably Delayed Actions", "Compelling Actions Unreasonably Delayed with No Statutory Deadlines", "Delay in Adjudication Proceedings with No Statutory Deadline", "Delay in Rulemaking Proceedings with N...

{ "question": [ "What is a common concern about federal agencies?", "How do federal agencies justify delays?", "How do critics respond to such justifications?", "How do delays negatively impact agencies' regulatory process?", "How are such delays regulated in court?", "How do courts act in cas...

CRS_R44721

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Scope of the Report", "Brief General Background", "Why Status Might be Relevant for Congress", "Brief Political Status and Policy History", "Political Parties and Status", "Recent Policy and Political Developments Most Relevant for Congress", "The ...

{ "question": [ "What is an undercurrent in virtually every policy matter in Puerto Rico?", "What were the results of a June 2017 vote on political status?", "What was the turnout for this vote?", "Why was turnout so low?", "How was the ballot amended?", "What occurred in 2012?", "On that ...

CRS_R42339

{ "title": [ "", "Overview1", "Lebanon: Context and Recent Developments", "Government Collapse and New Pro-Syrian Cabinet", "Special Tribunal for Lebanon, Hezbollah, and Syria", "Syrian Unrest and Lebanese Political Dynamics", "Hezbollah and the March 8 Coalition", "The March 14 Coalit...

{ "question": [ "What have observers expressed concern about regarding Syrian instability?", "What is the relationship between Syria and Lebanon?", "How are Lebanon and Syria similar?", "How could continued unrest in Syria negatively affect Lebanon?", "How does Syria exercise influence in Lebanon?...

GAO_GAO-13-447

{ "title": [ "Background", "DOD’s Expeditionary Forensic Capabilities", "DOD Policy Governing Its Forensic Enterprise", "DOD Has Taken Steps to Establish an Enduring Expeditionary Forensic Capability, but Additional Actions Are Needed", "DOD Has Issued Guidance but Its Draft Strategic Plan Does No...

{ "question": [ "What steps has DOD taken to establish an enduring expeditionary forensic capability?", "What did this directive require?", "To what extent is this plan adequate?", "Why does GAO consider this plan inadequate?", "What did officials in the OUSD say in regards to creating a strategic...

CRS_R41912

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Energy Sector Lending at the World Bank", "Current Practices", "Critiques", "Developing Countries", "Developed Countries", "Environmental Groups", "The World Bank Group's \"Energy Sector Strategy\"", "Timeline for the Strategy", "Provisions...

{ "question": [ "How does worldwide electricity lack affect financial institutions?", "How might access to modern energy sources to such countries assist economic growth?", "How might access to modern energy sources to such countries create new issues?", "How has the WBG responded to these risks?", ...

GAO_GAO-18-219

{ "title": [ "Background", "Inter-American Organizations", "U.S. Contributions to Inter- American Organizations", "Organizations’ Oversight of Their Funds", "U.S. Agencies Oversee the Execution of Their Assistance Agreements", "The Strategic Goals of the Four Inter- American Organizations Are ...

{ "question": [ "What did GAO find regarding the alignment of strategic goals among agencies?", "How do the IICA and USDA demonstrate this?", "How do such agencies cooperate with each other?", "How do agencies align with U.S. strategic goals?", "What did GAO find?", "How was this demonstrated ...

CRS_RL34630

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Convention Financing: An Overview", "Federal Funds", "PECF Funds", "DOJ Funds", "Recent Federal Convention Funding", "Conditions on PECF Funds", "Conditions on Security Funds", "Nonfederal Funds", "Convention-Related Activities", "Secur...

{ "question": [ "What does this report provide?", "How did the 113th Congress address nonsecurity funding?", "What effect could other bills potentially have on financing?", "How did the 112th Congress address convention funding?", "What would an amendment to S. 3240 have done?", "What did S. 1...

GAO_GAO-16-61

{ "title": [ "Background", "Definition of Sexual Assault", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Its Sexual Violence Prevention Efforts", "DOD’s Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program", "DOD Entities with Key Roles and Responsibilities in the Prevention of Sexual Assault", ...

{ "question": [ "What characterizes the DOD sexual-violence prevention strategy?", "To what extent does the strategy deal with outcomes?", "What else does the CDC framework emphasize?", "In what way did DOD implement these ideas?", "What are the implications of these limitations?", "To what ex...

CRS_R42643

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "The Unemployment Insurance System", "Current Law—Individuals Must Receive UI Benefits Regardless of Individual or Household Income", "Distribution of Household Income and Unemployment Benefits", "Policy Considerations", "Potential Impact of Restricting UI Be...

{ "question": [ "What has Congress considered regarding high-income individuals?", "How is high income defined?", "What is an example of a step taken towards that goal?", "What was the result of that proposal?", "What other bills regarding unemployment were introduced in the 112th Congress?", ...

CRS_R43716

{ "title": [ "", "Basis for Asylum in International and U.S. Law", "Application of the INA's Definition of Refugee", "\"Persecution\"", "\"Well-Founded Fear\"", "\"On Account of\"", "Protected Grounds", "Evolution in the Construction of Particular Social Group", "Specific Social Gr...

{ "question": [ "What does the INA consider asylum conditions?", "How strong are those definitions?", "How were those definitions created?", "What is the process of gaining asylum eligibility?", "What is persecution defined as?", "What is the legal standard for persecution?", "How is \"rea...

GAO_GAO-16-102

{ "title": [ "Background", "Three Offices Have Responsibility for Audit Selection, but Automated Programs Select the Majority of Returns That W&I Audits", "Three W&I Offices Largely Determine What Returns Get Selected for Audit", "Automated System Led to the Most W&I Audit Selections", "Audit Star...

{ "question": [ "Who selects returns for audits?", "How are returns selected?", "How frequently are return criteria reviewed?", "What did GAO conclude about W&I?", "What procedures did GAO praise?", "What did GAO criticize?", "Why is it essential that W&I improve their standards?", "Wh...

CRS_R43873

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "A Brief Overview of Improper Payments and Overclaims", "Improper Payments and Administrative Costs of the EITC", "Tax Filer Errors that Lead to EITC Overclaims", "Qualifying Child Errors", "Study Results", "Challenges in Detecting and Reducing the Erro...

{ "question": [ "What do studies indicate about EITC payments?", "What numbers support that claim?", "How are mispayments categorized?", "What did the most recent IRS study conclude about this issue?", "What did the study find?", "What did the 2014 study find?", "What did the 2014 study om...

GAO_GAO-17-703

{ "title": [ "Background", "Security Cooperation and Assistance Programs", "The FMS and Pseudo- FMS Process", "DSCA Workload Measures", "Information Systems", "DOD Has Improved the Timeliness of the FMS Process but Has Not Met Its Goals or Sufficiently Analyzed Performance Data", "The Mili...

{ "question": [ "To what extent has DOD reached its goals regarding FMS requests?", "What is the first FMS metric?", "How close is this metric to DOD's goal?", "What is the second FMS metric?", "What is the third FMS metric?", "Why has DOD been unable to meet its goals?", "How does the FMS...

GAO_GAO-17-259

{ "title": [ "Background", "Overview of Credit Union and Deposit Insurance Markets", "American Share Insurance", "Federal Law and Regulation I", "FAST Act and Federal Home Loan Bank System", "Regulatory and Other Assessments Indicate ASI Has Had Adequate Reserves and Strong Claims- Paying Abil...

{ "question": [ "To what extent do credit unions have private deposit insurance?", "What have various assessments determine about ASI's coverage?", "What external factors might harm ASI's financial condition?", "How could ASI ensure credit flow in case of financial difficulties?", "To what extent ...

GAO_GAO-17-50

{ "title": [ "Background", "VHA Uses a Multi- Step Strategic Planning Process to Identify Strategic Goals and Objectives", "VISNs and VAMCs Are Responsible for Operationalizing VHA’s Strategic Goals and Objectives, but VHA Has Not Developed Adequate Strategies or an Effective Oversight Process to Ensure O...

{ "question": [ "What guidance has VHA given for VAMC's role in stragetic planning?", "How has VHA clarified the roles of VISN directors regarding operational plans?", "How has VHA helped the planning work of VISNs?", "To what extent has VHA developed strategies for operationalizing its strategic goal...

CRS_R43172

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "TVA's Mission", "TVA's Electric Power Program", "Existing Power Generation Capacity", "TVA Electricity Rates", "Technology Innovation", "Electric Power—An Industry in Transition", "TVA Planning for Change", "TVA's Regulatory Assets", "TVA's...

{ "question": [ "What authority does the TVA Act grant the TVA?", "How does the TVA use these abilities?", "To what extent has the TVA's statutory cap been reached?", "How are the TVA's debts guaranteed?", "What external changes impact the TVA?", "What factors affect the cost-efficiency of TVA...

CRS_R44632

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Sea-Level Rise Issues for Federal Policymakers", "Part I. What Is Sea-Level Rise?", "Global Sea Level", "Regional Variation in GSL", "Relative Sea Level", "Causes of Sea-Level Rise", "Global Sea-Level Rise", "Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Natura...

{ "question": [ "Why are policymakers interested in sea-level rise?", "How has the rate of sea-level rise changed in the past century?", "What are some ways the U.S. will be affected by continued sea-level rise?", "What states are particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels?", "What is the scale ...

GAO_GAO-15-530

{ "title": [ "Background", "Interoperability: An Overview", "DOD and VA Have a Long History of Efforts to Achieve Electronic Health Record Interoperability", "DOD and VA Committed to a Joint System to Address Common Business Needs", "Departments Return to Two- System Approach with a Need to Ensure...

{ "question": [ "What have DOD and VA been doing regarding their electronic health record systems?", "What near-term work have DOD and VA begun?", "What longer-term plans have they developed?", "How has the IPO been involved in this process?", "To what extent were DOD and VA successful in meeting ...

GAO_GAO-13-95

{ "title": [ "Background", "VA Has Made Changes to Improve Its Verification Program, but Continues to Face Challenges in Its Strategic Planning Efforts and Information Technology Infrastructure", "VA Has Adopted Changes to Improve Verification Operations and Address Some Identified Weaknesses and Concerns...

{ "question": [ "What is the current status of VA's verification processes?", "In response, what operational changes has the VA made?", "What problems exist in these changes?", "How is OSDBU working to improve the verification program?", "To what extent has OSDBU's work been successful?", "Wha...

CRS_R43164

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background on Federal Marijuana Policy", "Trends in States", "Decriminalization", "Medical Marijuana Exceptions", "Recreational Legalization", "Enforcement Priorities: A Focus on Traffickers", "Selected Counter-Drug Trafficking Efforts", "High ...

{ "question": [ "What does the Controlled Substances Act dictate regarding marijuana?", "How have states deviated from this prohibition?", "How has the discrepancy between federal and state marijuana laws increased in recent elections?", "What questions has this discrepancy provoked?", "How has fe...

GAO_GAO-16-250

{ "title": [ "Background", "CDR Process", "SSA Prioritizes CDRs Using Several Inputs but Does Not Fully Incorporate Potential Cost-Savings", "SSA Uses a Variety of Inputs, Including Legal Requirements and Statistical Models, to Prioritize CDRs", "SSA Tests the Accuracy of Its Models but Has Not Up...

{ "question": [ "What is a weakness regarding the SSA's decisions in selecting cases for CDR?", "How does the SSA determine which cases to select for CDR?", "What else do the statistical models determine?", "What problem exists with this process?", "To what extent does SSA consider cost savings?",...

GAO_GAO-15-80

{ "title": [ "Background", "The Attack History", "The FBI’s Genetic Analyses of the Attack Spores", "Verification and Validation", "Reviews of the Strength of the Scientific Evidence", "Genetic Tests Generally Were Verified and Validated but Lack of a Validation Framework Limited Statistical C...

{ "question": [ "What was determined about the FBI's tests after the 2001 Anthrax attacks?", "What shortcomings did GAO find in the FBI's approach?", "What was the result of this lack of comprehensiveness?", "What else did GAO find about the tests?", "How could the FBI better respond to future inc...

GAO_GAO-18-617

{ "title": [ "Background", "The Administration’s 2018 Plan Generally Addressed the Reporting Requirements but Did Not Identify Costs and Funding Needs", "Plan and Roadmap", "International Engagement Plan", "Research and Development Plan", "Interagency Engagement", "Conclusion", "Recomm...

{ "question": [ "What information was lacking in the NDAA's 2018 plan?", "What four requirements were expected in the President's plan?", "What group developed the plan?", "Why did NNSA officials say they did not include long-term costs and funding needs in the report?", "What is the problem with ...

CRS_R43389

{ "title": [ "", "Federal Debt Policy and the Debt Limit", "Current Situation", "Debt Limit Suspensions", "Extraordinary Measures and Debt Issuance Suspension Periods", "Timing Uncertainties", "Recent Increases in the Debt Limit", "The 2011 Debt Limit Episode", "The 2011 Debt Ceili...

{ "question": [ "What characterizes Congress' ability to borrow money?", "How does control of debt policy affect Congressional concerns over fiscal policies?", "Why have fiscal policy debates become more frequent in recent years?", "What were the causes of recent debt limit episodes?", "How was th...

GAO_GAO-13-762T

{ "title": [ "Background", "Economic Significance of Intellectual Property Protection and Theft", "Importance of IP Has Long Been Recognized in the United States", "The U.S. Economy May Experience Slower Growth Due to Lost Sales and Reduced Incentives to Innovate", "Quantifying Economic Impacts Is...

{ "question": [ "How important is IP in the U.S.?", "How do IP-related industries compare to others in terms of employee standards?", "How does ensuring IP protection benefit the public?", "How do counterfeiting and piracy affect the U.S.?", "How do such issues affect the private sector?", "Wh...

CRS_R44525

{ "title": [ "", "What Are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?", "Present", "How Profitable Are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?", "How Much Have the GSEs Paid to Treasury in Dividends?", "Has the Profit Sweep Increased the GSEs' Dividend Payments to Treasury?", "What Is Happening to Fannie Mae's and F...

{ "question": [ "What are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?", "What do Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac do?", "What role does the federal government have in MBSs?", "What was the financial condition of the GSEs in 2008?", "How did the federal government react to the instability of the GSEs?", "What were t...

CRS_RL33341

{ "title": [ "", "History of the SPR", "Establishment of the SPR", "The Drawdown Authorities", "Proposals in the 111th Congress to Amend the Authorities", "Acquisition of Crude Oil for the SPR", "Resumption of Fill (2009)", "Royalty-in-Kind Acquisition", "When Should the SPR Be Use...

{ "question": [ "Why did Congress authorize the SPR?", "Who manages the program?", "To what extent is the capacity of the SPR in use?", "What is the SPR?", "Why did EPCA authorize drawdown of the reserve?", "Why is the meaning of a \"severe energy supply interruption\" c?", "How does this ...

CRS_R41509

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Land Exchange Data", "Pros and Cons of Land Exchanges", "Basic Rules for Exchanges", "Same State", "Public Interest", "Equal Value", "Costs", "Assembled Land Exchanges", "Management of Exchanged Lands", "Overview of Exchange Process18",...

{ "question": [ "What is FLPMA's purpose?", "How does this affect land exchanges?", "How must administrative costs be shared?", "What are assembled land exchanges?", "What are the phases of the land exchange process?", "What does the processing and documentation phase consist of?", "What p...

GAO_GAO-15-794

{ "title": [ "Background", "VHA’s Nurse Workforce", "VHA Nurse Skill Mix", "Roles and Responsibilities for VHA Nurse Recruitment and Retention", "VHA Has Multiple Nurse Recruitment and Retention Initiatives, but Some Medical Centers Face Challenges That Limit the Initiatives’ Usefulness", "VHA...

{ "question": [ "What is the status of the VHA's workforce recruitment programs?", "What is the nature of these initiatives?", "How did the medical centers in GAO's review vary?", "What else did GAO find?", "What was the nature of these challenges?", "What is the status of nurses in the VA sys...

CRS_RL34221

{ "title": [ "", "Patents and Innovation Policy", "The Mechanics of the Patent System", "Innovation Policy", "The Phenomenon of Tax Strategy Patents", "Patents on Methods of Doing Business", "Patents on Tax Strategies", "Bilski v. Kappos", "Innovation Policy Issues", "Stated Co...

{ "question": [ "What tax-related bills were introduced in previous sessions of Congress?", "What would these inititatives have done?", "How might these issues arise?", "What is the origin of the rise of tax strategy patents?", "How have subsequent courts treated this ruling?", "What has been ...

GAO_GAO-12-374T

{ "title": [ "Management of Arlington Contracts Improved, but Additional Steps Are Needed to Ensure Continued Progress", "Army Has Made Progress in Addressing Other Management Deficiencies at Arlington, but Challenges Remain", "Formal Collaboration between the Army and VA Could Lead to Improvements across...

{ "question": [ "What contracts did GAO identify for Arlington?", "What did these contracts support?", "What has the Army done to provide for more effective management and oversight of contracts?", "What is missing from these efforts?", "Why is it important that Arlington fix these problems?", ...

CRS_R41759

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Congressional Research Service Products", "CRS Products", "Government Accountability Office", "House and Senate Committee Prints and Hearings", "Committee Prints", "Hearings", "Office of Management and Budget", "Guidance Documents for Agencies"...

{ "question": [ "What happens when federal government agencies and programs lack budget authority?", "What happens to the government agencies and programs under the Antideficiency Act?", "What happens when there is a funding gap that affects many federal entities?", "What has happened in the past in t...

GAO_GAO-15-619T

{ "title": [ "Recent Trends in Federal Civilian Employment", "Federal Civilian Workforce Grew by 10.3 Percent from 2005 through 2014", "Fourteen Percent of On Board Employees Were Eligible to Retire in 2014", "OPM Needs to Improve the Design, Management, and Oversight of the Federal Classification Sys...

{ "question": [ "How do human capital shortfalls affect federal agencies?", "How has the government approached this issue?", "What has GAO's prior work shown about human resources?", "What did GAO determine about general schedule classification systems?", "How well did the GS system's design refle...