code: def laplacian(
      csgraph, normed=False, return_diag=False, use_out_degree=False
  ):
      """
      Return the Laplacian matrix of a directed graph.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      csgraph : array_like or sparse matrix, 2 dimensions
          compressed-sparse graph, with shape (N, N).
      normed : bool, optional
          If True, then compute symmetric normalized Laplacian.
      return_diag : bool, optional
          If True, then also return an array related to vertex degrees.
      use_out_degree : bool, optional
          If True, then use out-degree instead of in-degree.
          This distinction matters only if the graph is asymmetric.
          Default: False.
  
      Returns
      -------
      lap : ndarray or sparse matrix
          The N x N laplacian matrix of csgraph. It will be a NumPy array (dense)
          if the input was dense, or a sparse matrix otherwise.
      diag : ndarray, optional
          The length-N diagonal of the Laplacian matrix.
          For the normalized Laplacian, this is the array of square roots
          of vertex degrees or 1 if the degree is zero.
  
      Notes
      -----
      The Laplacian matrix of a graph is sometimes referred to as the
      "Kirchoff matrix" or the "admittance matrix", and is useful in many
      parts of spectral graph theory. In particular, the eigen-decomposition
      of the laplacian matrix can give insight into many properties of the graph.
  
      Examples
      --------
      >>> from scipy.sparse import csgraph
      >>> G = np.arange(5) * np.arange(5)[:, np.newaxis]
      >>> G
      array([[ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
             [ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
             [ 0,  2,  4,  6,  8],
             [ 0,  3,  6,  9, 12],
             [ 0,  4,  8, 12, 16]])
      >>> csgraph.laplacian(G, normed=False)
      array([[  0,   0,   0,   0,   0],
             [  0,   9,  -2,  -3,  -4],
             [  0,  -2,  16,  -6,  -8],
             [  0,  -3,  -6,  21, -12],
             [  0,  -4,  -8, -12,  24]])
      """
      if csgraph.ndim != 2 or csgraph.shape[0] != csgraph.shape[1]:
          raise ValueError("csgraph must be a square matrix or array")
  
      if normed and (
          np.issubdtype(csgraph.dtype, np.signedinteger)
          or np.issubdtype(csgraph.dtype, np.uint)
      ):
          csgraph = csgraph.astype(float)
  
      create_lap = (
          _laplacian_sparse if isspmatrix(csgraph) else _laplacian_dense
      )
      degree_axis = 1 if use_out_degree else 0
      lap, d = create_lap(csgraph, normed=normed, axis=degree_axis)
      if return_diag:
          return lap, d
      return lap
  
imports: import numpy
  from scipy.sparse import isspmatrix
label_desc: Use image node_id 1 for calling a global function with example usage: laplacian(csgraph, normed, return_diag, use_out_degree) and returns: lap, lap,  d