code: def prob_bv_rectangle(lower, upper, cdf):
      """helper function for probability of a rectangle in a bivariate distribution
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      lower : array_like
          tuple of lower integration bounds
      upper : array_like
          tuple of upper integration bounds
      cdf : callable
          cdf(x,y), cumulative distribution function of bivariate distribution
  
  
      how does this generalize to more than 2 variates ?
      """
      probuu = cdf(*upper)
      probul = cdf(upper[0], lower[1])
      problu = cdf(lower[0], upper[1])
      probll = cdf(*lower)
      return probuu - probul - problu + probll
  
imports: from statsmodels.compat.python import lmap
  import numpy
label_desc: Use image node_id 1 for calling a global function with example usage: prob_bv_rectangle(lower, upper, cdf) and returns: unknown