code: def mahalanobis(x, mean, cov):
      """
      Computes the Mahalanobis distance between the state vector x from the
      Gaussian `mean` with covariance `cov`. This can be thought as the number
      of standard deviations x is from the mean, i.e. a return value of 3 means
      x is 3 std from mean.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      x : (N,) array_like, or float
          Input state vector
  
      mean : (N,) array_like, or float
          mean of multivariate Gaussian
  
      cov : (N, N) array_like  or float
          covariance of the multivariate Gaussian
  
      Returns
      -------
      mahalanobis : double
          The Mahalanobis distance between vectors `x` and `mean`
  
      Examples
      --------
      >>> mahalanobis(x=3., mean=3.5, cov=4.**2) # univariate case
      0.125
  
      >>> mahalanobis(x=3., mean=6, cov=1) # univariate, 3 std away
      3.0
  
      >>> mahalanobis([1., 2], [1.1, 3.5], [[1., .1],[.1, 13]])
      0.42533327058913922
      """
  
      x = _validate_vector(x)
      mean = _validate_vector(mean)
  
      if x.shape != mean.shape:
          raise ValueError("length of input vectors must be the same")
  
      y = x - mean
      S = np.atleast_2d(cov)
  
      dist = float(np.dot(np.dot(y.T, inv(S)), y))
      return math.sqrt(dist)
  
imports: from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
  import math
  from math import cos, sin
  import random
  import warnings
  import numpy
  from numpy.linalg import inv
  import scipy.linalg
  import scipy.sparse
  import scipy.sparse.linalg
  from scipy.stats import norm, multivariate_normal
label_desc: Use image node_id 2 for calling a global function with example usage: mahalanobis(x, mean, cov) and returns: math